Partnerships between the United States and Morocco Effect Essay

Partnerships between the United States and Morocco Effect - Essay Example The essay "Partnerships between the United States and Morocco Effect" overviews the ways to support the partnership between the USA and Morocco in order to ensure the economic development, stability and security along the coast of Morocco. Morocco hosted a meeting that was aimed at addressing security concerns along the coast of Morocco. The U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa and Royal Moroccan Navy's attended the meeting to launch a joint commitment to regional that would ensure that country remains economically stable with the assurance of a security in the coastline. Security along the coast is a factor that the Moroccan government is interested in ensuring that trade in the region is not compromised and the country’s command of trade in North Africa remains beneficial to the Economy. The guided-missile frigate USS Simpson joined the deputy chief of strategy, resources, and plans at the meeting where they visited Casablanca, Morocco, for the three-day meeting. Most of the leaders at the launch made it known to the delegates that a strong sense of teamwork was required if they were true to the faith of meeting any force protection plan. With such comments from the leaders in both countries, it was clear that the talks between the prospective naval forces would strengthen their ties to each other and ensure that their goal of maritime security is met. Simpson’s commanding officer informed the delegates that his crew was committed to working hand in hand with the forces in Morocco. for a join affiliation that would see the interests of both parties brought to book. Such a move would promote peaceful coexistence, maintain security and stability and boost trade in the region. With Milliken’s confident assurance to the African nation, he made it clear that although it was his crew’s first time in Morocco, they were willing dock along the shores of Morocco because their ship was ready to cruise for an operation of such import ance. The U.S. ambassador to Morocco, Samuel Kaplan, was equally impressed by the hospitality displayed between the U.S. and Morocco. He viewed this as a show of unity, commitment and devotion of the hardworking men and women of the navy. Morocco does not often receive a lot of visits from the American forces except on special occasions organized to meet a well thought for objective that has a bearing to either or both of the economies. The meeting was the most opportune moment for the delegates to visit Morocco and come to terms with the beautiful sceneries that the country had to offer. Among the famous sites that could not go unnoticed by the delighted delegates were the Hassan II mosque and the legendary Rick's Cafe. U.S. Chamber Leads Delegation of U.S. Companies to Morocco A partnership in the Energy and development sectors is the most opportune way for Morocco to reduce unemployment and boost its renewable energy capacity. Morocco planned to host a professional meeting that w ould bring together eleven companies that comprised of the First Solar as well as the General Dynamics. The others included Harris Corp. together with Honeywell International. Objectively, the meeting sought to find decisive ideas that would hasten the economic development of Morocco and in the long-run create jobs to the unemployed citizens in their economy. The meeting was intended to involve two major signing ceremonies which were to be presided over by Minister of Equipment and Transport, Aziz Rabbah. Job creation is one of the major ways of reducing unemployment rates which characterize a number of third world countries including Morocco. The move to bring into the economy talks that would hopefully result into construction of a port along the shores of Morocco was a way in which the country had intended to reduce unemployment rates. This move was commendable because it was aimed at benefiting both Morocco and the U.S. Apart from Morocco, it would provide jobs in the United Sta tes as well to skilled personnel who would be participate in building and construction of the port and the

Breaking Into Advertising and Staying Essay Example for Free

Breaking Into Advertising and Staying Essay In the life of an individual, it is seen that building a great and stable career in a line of work that he/she personally likes and loves to do is one of the foremost undertakings that is considered to be a difficult task. Thus, this requires a bountiful amount of effort and courage for a person to achieve a stable career and to be situated in a position that he or she prefers to be in. Advertising Industry, on the other hand, as linked to the discussions about career, is considered to be one of the most stimulating and exciting line of businesses in which there are numerous number of aspirants who are hoping to penetrate the scene and be a part of it. Also, the advertising business is regarded as included in the most competitive and strongest industry that could ensure a bright future ahead for anyone who could make it to the top of the industry competition. However, as far as the aspect of employment is concern, establishing a career in advertising industry is seen to be one of the most difficult and tricky task to do. Thus, this is where the book entitled â€Å"Pick Me: Breaking into Advertising and Staying There† is primarily intended for, which is to serve as a guide and as an essential reading in helping people to land a job and survive under the pressure of the industry that is once regarded to be included in the list of the most competitive ones. The book is primarily written to provide a reading material to be able to guide the people, more especially those who aspire to establish a career in the advertising industry, to land in a job and handle the pressure which serves as the characteristic of the said business. The book is authored by two of the most reliable individuals in the field of advertising who have worked as creative directors and are closely creative partners namely Nancy Vonk and Janet Kestin. The primary objective of the two is to render people definite information as to how could they acquire a position in a business world such as advertising. As such, from the majority of the book, the information is essentially rendered to answer the questions of people or students with regard to having a stable job and establishing a career in the said industry. In addition to this, the book is also co-authored by a group of fourteen individuals, who are regarded as famous persons in the advertising industry, who have also provided and shared their own insights as well as personal experiences that have been instrumental for them to enter the careers they are in today and excel in it. Nonetheless, through the background and capabilities of the people behind the ideas, it is seen that the book is effective in achieving and functioning to what it principally intend. The book is seen to be precise with its aims and goals. Being aware that the establishment of career in the advertising industry is a tricky task, the writers have stated and rendered their information in the most positive way that the readers could have a grasp of the messages they intended for. Thus, the approach of the writers in rendering their thoughts is seen to be concise wherein the book incorporates the list of the typical questions and concerns by the person with regard to the topic and renders the appropriate answers accordingly. Likewise, a clear statement of the issue and topic which tells about the link between employment and the difficulties of establishing a career in advertising industry has been key factor that paves the way to definite results as well as conclusions for the book. According to the writers, it is important for a person, more especially for those who aspires for a job in the said industry, to know exactly and render accordingly his or her goals as well as the things that he or she wants to achieve to be able to employ a clear pathway and focus in the progress of his or her career. Also, the writers have clearly stated the point that a formal educational background is significant, although not the sole essentials, in establishing a career and making it to the top of entire advertising industry. Thus, talent, skills, passion and dedication are regarded as factors that are required to be able to establish a long-time career and succeed in the said industry. In addition to this, the thoughts of fear and self-antipathy should be conquered in order to establish a career, stay and succeed in the advertising business. Likewise, the fresh and new ideas are seen to be a vital ingredient of success in the advertising industry which could place a person in a stable and healthy ground for his or her career in the industry. This could also improve and determine the reliability of one’s capabilities in the industry to come up with a brilliant notion that could help the clients and publicize a product more towards greater results. From a personal point of view, it can be said that the points and statements written above, as per the writers’ standpoint, are all essential and significant in a way that it renders clear notions for the people that have the dreams of making it in the advertising industry. Thus, most of the points that have been depicted in the book are all supported and explained through the incorporation and a mixture of personal experiences industry as well as logical reasoning that is connected to the entire context of society. Likewise, knowing the fact where the writers are coming from employs more wisdom in the points that have been stated in the pages. Moreover, the idea of stating a clear focus and goal is indeed essential in establishing a career. This renders a definite way and serves as a focal point as to where the progress of career is heading. The presence of formal education, on the other hand, is also seen as significant wherein it should serve as roots for knowledge or notions that should be further enhanced by the personal capabilities and talent. Also, talents, capabilities and dedication in the job is definitely instrumental in order to establish and stay in a line of career for a long period of time. Nonetheless, saying that confidence is a must in landing to a job and staying in the advertising industry is absolutely significant. Thus, the existence of self-loathing should be conquered in order to employ a steady job environment and pave the way for continuous personal and career growth. Likewise, it can be said that the most important point in the book is the argument that focus and goal stipulated with passion and dedication are in fact an essential formula to establish a career and survived the challenges of being employed, more especially in the advertising industry. In the end, with the above written facts and information about the book, it could be stated the information and thoughts depicted in the book are all factual as well as helpful fundamentals towards having a decent job or position and staying in the advertising industry. Thus, it is certain that the book and the writers are successful in achieving their goals as well as in serving their purpose that is seen to render a tangible reading guide for the people who aspire to land in a job and establish a career in the advertising industry. Nonetheless, all the thoughts and information rendered in the book are useful and obliging for the readers as all of the points and statements are supported with relevant real world experiences and factual evidence that are tested to have produced positive results about the topic. Reference Vonk N. and Kestin J. (2005). Pick Me: Breaking Into Advertising and Staying There. United States: Wiley-IEEE.

Classical Criminology Essay -- Crime Deviance Psychology Essays

Classical Criminology The classical school of criminology was around in the eighteenth century. It came abount in a time when the previous dominent spiritual look at defining crime and criminal behaviour was being challenged by a newer naturalistic approach of the social contract theorists. The classical school was the established ideas of monarchs, fedual lords and the fathers of the church. The main pioneers of the classical school were Cesar Beccaria ( 1738-1974) from Italy and Jeremy Bantham from Britain (1948-1832). From them writing their theories in the eighteenth century they established the essential components of the rational actor model. They both shared the idea that crime and criminal behaviour could be understood and controlled by human nature. The classical school was not intrested in studying crime and criminals, it got its theorys from law making and legal processing. The new ideas of '' enlightenment'' philoshefers were Montisque, Rasseau, Voltaire, Thomas Aquins and Locke. The fundermental principles of the classical school are made up of four main things. These are, free will, rationality, self-intrest and responsibility. Free will - People thought that god made people commit the crime, the classical school thought that people are not forced into commiting crimes. They believe that its our choice to behave in a criminal or non criminal way. We have a range of choices, and it is up to us if we want to break the law. Rationality,- This is where we think about each pro and con of each action we take, and we think about what we are doing. Self-intrest.- The classical school believed that we were all born s... ...present the state. In proportion to all this, the law must specify the relationship between law and the punishment given. The Punishment must come very soon and as quick as possible after the crime has been commited. The judge's and the jurys administer the law and punishment and interprate the law. Beccaria's theorys have a huge impact on modern criminal law. The idea of free will is built into many legal codes. Jermy Bantham was a philoshopher and a leading disciple of Beccaria. He too thought that human nature had some place in people becoming criminals. He too was a believer in that people would commit crime to minimalise pain and maximise pleasure. Bantham believed that it was incorect up-bringing that caused people to commit crime. Works Cited Roger Hopkins Burke. An Introduction to Criminological Theory

Wellness assessment

My overall state of my wellness wheel is pretty well. It was about half and half with my assessment. The lowest my average assessment went down to was a two. That was in the social area which is my weakest. My weakest areas are vocational, social, and Intellectual. I scored really low In social area because I don't get out much, I keep to myself and I am too busy Juggling sports, school and work. I really don't have much time for anything else. My strongest areas were physical, emotional, and spiritual.I was not surprised with the results of the assessment; I knew I wasn't going to score very high In the social area. In the emotional area I knew I was going to score high because If I did something wrong I wouldn't say someone else did It, I would own up to what I did and take responsibility for whatever I did wrong. The reason for this Is the more you lie about something the more It will come back and bite you In the butt harder than Just saying something In the beginning. My emotion al well-being right owe is pretty good.I accept all opinions even if I don't agree with it. I listen to everyone around me because someone may just want someone to listen to what they have to say and get whatever it is off their shoulders. I however, sometimes have a hard time opening up to people because if I do they might think the wrong thing. My stress level is very high right now because of certain twists and turns my life has taken. The major stresses in my life would be family issues and relationships, finances, work and school.These things take a major part in my stress level. The first two are the major impacts right now. I relieve stress by working out, or working. There isn't really anything to manage my stress right now. In a year or less my stress level will go down hopefully. I am managing my stress level very well from what everyone tells me. Wellness assessment By movement and intellectual. I scored really low in social area because I don't get out much, I keep to my self and I am too busy Juggling sports, school and work.I really don't have much very high in the social area. In the emotional area I knew I was going to score high because if I did something wrong I wouldn't say someone else did it, I would own up to what I did and take responsibility for whatever I did wrong. The reason for this is the more you lie about something the more it will come back and bite you in the butt harder than Just saying something in the beginning. My emotional well-being right everyone around me because someone may Just want someone to listen to what they

High School Dropouts Reflection Essay

I believe the dropout rate is so high because, as stated in the article â€Å"High School Dropouts: Costly to American Economy†, â€Å"the teachers [don’t] care, the students [don’t] care.† I believe that lack of interest on both the student’s and the teacher’s part impacts whether a student might drop out. I also believe that factors like, problems at home, bullying at school, etc., also plays an enormous role on the results stated in the articles. Knowing that one of the main reasons of having a job includes, earning money, it leads me to assume that those who drop out do not want to earn less, or be among the 12% of jobless individuals that do not have a high school diploma. Furthermore, I believe that it is evident that a high number or drop outs implies that there are important factors behind what causes an individual to decide to drop out of high school. Looking at the statistics that dropouts cost taxpayers $8 billion annually, and $300 billion dollars in earnings are lost every year due to the decrease in pay of those who do not have a high school diploma, has led me to believe that our state/federal government should eliminate the option of dropping out of high school. It makes no sense that they have not done so, seeing that they have the right, and it is within their power and right to do so. Also, after seeing the statistic that the incarceration rates were 63 times higher among high school drop outs within the ages of 16 and 24, and in an effort to solve two problems: the number of kids that drop out of high school and kids who are behind bars, I believe there should be a greater effort to achieve mass awareness about the negative effects of dropping out of high school early, the same magnitude as the programs and advertisements on breast cancer, and the effects of smoking cigarettes. This plan, although costly, would in turn decrease the amount of high school dropouts, people behind bars, and jobless individuals in this nation. Presidential Election Reflection I believe that out of the five factors listed in the article, the debates are the most important. I believe the debates are important because it allows you to look at each candidate side by side and hear not only their plan on how they plan on turning the economy around, creating jobs, and leading this country on a path that will allow us to decrease this nation’s debt but also to see each candidate’s tactics on using the opposing opponent words or ideas to bash/ or blatantly state why they are wrong. I also believe it is important because you get to actually hear their own words and beliefs, unrehearsed, without a teleprompter, and without being warped in the game of telephone by social media and propaganda. I think that the presidential debates are more important than the electoral map, because the electoral map for the most part generally stays the same and predictable. The ads and messages used to attack the other candidate, or twist the words of another candidate in my opinion are effective, but very childish, immature, and not anything I would imagine a â€Å"president† taking a part of. Propaganda is a very effective way of spreading a message, and getting everyone’s attention, so it’s also important, although not in the same way as the debates are. In my opinion, money is the second most important part of the presidential race. The amount of money a party raises, shows how much they are supported. In the article, it states that â€Å"the Republican Party presidential committees had about $186 million on hand, compared with about $124 million for Mr. Obama and the Democrats.† This shows how both each candidate is supported. I actually have watched one of the debates, as an extra credit assignment for U.S History, and I thought that the debate was interesting, and I liked how the debate was set up.

Informative Essay Sample on Baseball A Brief History

Informative Essay Sample on Baseball A Brief History Free sample essay on Baseball: Baseball is the center of the universe without its position in the universe the earth would tilt of its axis and we would all parish in a huge ball of flame. Did you know that baseball is over one hundred years old. The first game of baseball was played in the Elysian Fields, in Hoboken, New Jersey. Since then baseball had came along way to make itself a huge spectator sport. Baseball has been apart of everyone lives, weather you played as a child or went to see a game with your family, or just watched a game on tv , baseball was always there. In this speech I will explain to you a brief history of baseball and how it became are nations pastime and also a source of entertainment for many years. I obtained information for this speech in the book, The Baseball Almanac also from the online baseball archives at www.baseball1.com. Their are 3 main topics I will discuss during this speech. First of which is how baseball came to be in the early days. Second the rapid growth of the game in t he 20th century in America. Last I will talk about the late years of baseball with strikes and labor battles within the league. First the early days of baseball, Unlike basketball and football, interest in baseball were not sweeping the globe. Throughout the 19th century small towns formed teams, and baseball clubs were formed in large cities. In 1845 Alexander Cartwright a team owner himself, put in a list of rules by which teams can play and remarkably we still use those rules today. The first recorded game was played by Cartwrights Knickerbockers against a New York club in the Elysian Fields I spoke of early in the speech. Eleven years later owners came together to form the National Association of Base Ball Players. In the next year of play the game supported itself by charging admission for fans to watch the game. Baseball next turning point would be intertwined with the turmoil of the Civil War. The war hurt many teams and the number of clubs dropped. But the war also helped spread the game around to different states which helped the games come back after the war. Now that we have looked at early baseball. Lets turn to the huge growth of the game in the 20th century. A major step in the game in 1903 when the American and National baseball leagues joined. From their baseball accelerated up hill. In 1905 the world series was implemented and the 2 best teams from each league would play for the title. Also that year the take me out to the ball game that we all know became popular. By 1915 players were getting nice salaries and could quit their other jobs and focus on baseball full time. The 20s and 30s were marked the golden years of baseball big names like Babe Ruth and Ted Williams lured more people to the sport. By this time in America everyone had a favorite baseball team. This made the game a huge source of entertainment back before television. From the 40s and on baseball only changed for the better it had pushed itself through a depression and 3 wars by the 60s and still managed to captivate a huge audience. Now let us move to the modern era of baseball and the problems with labor battles and strikes. In 1965 Baseball players were growing tired of cut wages they hired a man by the name if Marvin Miller a veteran labor organizer to help them change things. This lead to the first bargain agreement in 1968 between players and owners. It was a modest improvement but most of all it gave players leverage to negotiate with owners for there salaries instead of the traditional take it or leave the players were use to. By 1975 there had been more than 50 lawsuits to owners from players who felt they were cheated on salaries or trades. It gave the owners the feeling that they weren’t in charge anymore had to players would have some say in the business side of baseball. In 1975 the season had been delayed 13 games when players went on strike for the right to be a free agent when their contract was up. Owners relented but finally gave into the players conditions. This was nothing compared to t he 1994 season when all of baseball shut down due to a strike. The world series was canceled for the first time 92 years and baseballs commissioner was forced to resign. Problems between unions and owners and contract terms led to the cancel of the season. Many view the strike as huge waste of time since no real modification were put into effect. But finally after 234 days and more than 1 billion dollar in loses and no settlement baseball was back in business. In conclusion my purpose has been to inform you of a brief history of the early days of baseball, how the game accelerated in the 20th century and lastly the labor battles and strikes of the modern era. On that I hope everyone has better understand about what baseball is and how it came to be.

Free sample - The Man of the Crowd by Alen Poe. translation missing

The Man of the Crowd by Alen Poe. The Man of the Crowd by Alen PoeNowadays it is practically impossible to find a person who does not read books, especially those of modern literature. It is present by the diversity of writers and poets whose masterpieces provoke so many different opinions, contradictory points of view and critical articles. Those books that describe certain periods in history are of greater interest among the readers, as they give complete imagination of the period that is known only from history. Films that are screened based on the books are very popular. Moreover, these works are rather interesting and they have already found their army of fans all over the world. These works are original but sometimes it is necessary to make some efforts in order to understand them correctly, as each reader may have his or her personal point of view. Those books and plays that describe certain periods in history are of great interest among the readers, as they give complete imagination of the period that is know n only from history. Films that are screened based on the books are very popular. It is usual state of affairs as everything in this world changes and these changes always mean something new and interesting. Among a great number of modern writers there is an author who attracts the readers’ attention by his stories, which are always interesting and original. Current paper is connected with the art and the book of Edgar Alen Poe. It is hard to argue that he is unusual and sometimes even mysterious writer. His thoughts are reflected in the works, which later become the object of studying and lively discussions. The achievement of the works by Alen Poe lies in the so-called balance amid the practical and the anagogical. The stories by Alen Poe are very interesting, but the main peculiarity of them is that sometimes they are rather difficult to read; it is necessary to pay attention to the special techniques that compose his style of writing.   What is really significant in the style of Alen Poe is his mode to utilize the character viewpoint in the story. Despite of the fact that it is performed in the way that even if the omniscient narrator employs a certain point of view of the character while depicting some events, the reader can observe the effect which is more like a mirror rather than advocate. The key topic under discussion of the present paper is the book The Man of the Crowd by Alen Poe. The main thing that the reader is interested in is what is beyond his ability to read.   The readers and professional critics state that this poem of the writer is one of the most complicated as it is rater difficult to read. Many of the critics say that this book does not allow reading itself. The main reason for it is not a complicated language, but topics. The set of events is very tricky and it does not permit readers to understand the book completely. The book is full of different odd and interesting images that make it very complicated for reading and understanding. Establishing trust and reliance with the reader, still, is what Poe is most attractive in doing, as it permits for the darkness and desolation that he feels to leach into the novel. When Poe tells about it, it does not seem unbelievable or outlandish. Instead, it looks like much more sensible that ache and horror is an inevitable part of a usual every day life. The author tries to tell that our life is full of drama and terror, and it should be treated as something usual, as they are also necessary to help people to see the difference between bad and good, evil and kindness.   Probably, this is the main reason why the book is considered strange and difficult to read. Poe is not interested in enjoyment and calm, although, and instead pays particular attention on some heartrending aspects of humanity. In some parts of writing, it might seem like an effort to bend the reader too much in the direction of what the narrator thinks, but the way Poe describes, it seems much more pragmatic and significant. The narrator tries to demonstrate his points of view about loneliness and isolation in society, thus making the story as strange as possible. The main peculiarity of the style of Poe is that he is depicting his characters and city in a dark colors, making it as dark as possible. Therefore, he does with the man in the crowd, making him very strange and different from the rest of the crowd. Dark colors help to convey the general mood of the novel and the image of the man in particular, describing the idea of loneliness and despair to that the author tries to pay attention,   considering it as an important part of life of every person. From the very beginning of the book, it seems very odd and difficult to understand and catch the main idea due to a great number of strange images and the mixture of languages. The author used some words of French and Greek origin to demonstrate the peculiarity of those times, when using foreign languages was fashionable. The people depicted in the novel behave the way as if there is no other way to express one's feelings except through relax action. Those people were the typical representati ves of that time, fashionable and lazy, thinking only about themselves. The main character of the story and the narrator as well is a man, who is wandering in the center of the city, in the crowd and depicting his thoughts and points of view. This man is wandering from side to side in the public square; nothing he does is aggressive or unlawful, yet the narrator has built him up into indistinct, despicable figure. From behind the window of a cafà ©, a convalescent, contemplating the crowd with delight. Finally, he rushes into the crowd in search of an unknown person whose face, glimpsed momentarily, fascinated him. Curiosity has become a fatal and irresistible passion. (Poe 9) The first thing that attracts the attention of the reader is the indifference of the man to everything around him. Probably, Poe tried to show that our world is full of odd people who are around us.   Perhaps, that is the drive force of the story: unusual and discomfiting people are all around us, if merely we notice them and this fact makes the story difficult to read, as it is based upon the ideas of the narrator’s imagination. He depicts the behavior of a lonely person in a night city. The opening of The Man of the Crowd depicts the emotions comprised in countless secrets and crimes; there are interior conflicts, fights, anxieties, and agonies results because of the disgust of the impenetrable crimes. The opportunity of these crimes is depicted by means of man of the crowd throughout his unidentifiable appearance. The unpredictable and unreadable behavior of the man in the crowd is probably the main reason why the narrator finds it difficult to read him, as his image comprises many unusual things that are so difficult to understand. The narrator depicts his thoughts about this man as: He arose confusedly and paradoxically within my mind, the ideas of vast mental power, of caution, of penuriousness, of avarice, of coolness, of malice, of blood-thirstiness, of triumph, of merriment, of excessive terror, of intense- of supreme despair. I felt singularly aroused, startled, fascinated. (Poe 12) Even though the narrator did not know this man of the crowd, he was obliged to follow him based on his expression that had never been watched by the narrator. He kept on following the man of the crowd, paying attention to his patterns of following people by the crowd and his waddle clothes and he concluded that he was  « the type and genius of deep crime. He refuses to be alone" (Poe   10). One more reason of the man to be hard for reading is the mixture of images and descriptions around him. On their setting, he looks like even more unusual. From the very beginning of the novel, the narrator used so many different descriptions, moving from one image to another, depicting people and town at the same time. It is rather for the reader difficult to turn his attention to another image. From the first sentences of the story, the narrator describes the town he is wandering about, depicting people and surroundings. Before noticing the man of the crowd, the narrator paid attention some different types of people. Their description is observed in the first pages of the novel. All of these people can be read due to their noticeable appearances. The narrator could easily understand their behavior and saw ha kind of persons they were looking at their appearance and cloths. They are so unsurprising and standard. Their movements show the narrator that they feel alone because of the large crowd around them. There was nothing special about their way of life, their motions and behavior were very easy to read and predict. Despite of all the luxury, these people were very lonely and all their actions were very easy to predict. Their movements sounded to the narrator as if these men were unconfident in their actions and motioned to themselves for aims of measurement. The man of the crowd, noticed by the narrator was beyond his ability to read. He was somewhat special and differed from the rest in the crowd. The narrator was following the man, but it was too difficult for him to read the man and his actions. As we know, unknown is always interesting as harder the task is, interesting and attracting it is to people. The man from the crowd was this very unknown and unpredictable person for the narrator, as it was unpredictable in his actions, despite all his simplicity. â€Å"My observations heightened my curiosity and I resolved to follow the stranger whithersoever he should go" (Poe 12).   This person is something that is very hard to read, Because of his unpredictable manner of behavior. On the once hand he was a simple man form the crowd, but on the other hand he was peculiar and differed from the rest of the crowd. The narrator could not read him according to his actions. The only thing that was clear was that this man felt very lonely despite of the fact that he was surrounded by the crowd of people. â€Å"Still more was I astonished to see him repeat the same walk several times†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 14). The most odd and interesting to the narrator was that he could not foresee further actions of the man.   He was not interested in anything particular that is why the narrator could not determine what class the man belonged to, what was his occupation and way of living, as the rest people from the crowd were very easy to read. The behavior of the man was very strange, as if he was the person trying to find something that was lost many years ago.    Poe, Edgar A. The man of the Crowd. New York: BookSurge Classics, 2004

Dialogue Guide Definition and Examples

Dialogue Guide Definition and Examples In reported speech, a dialogue guide serves to identify the speaker of directly quoted words. Also known as a dialogue tag.  In this sense, a dialogue guide is essentially the same as a signal phrase or a quotative frame. Dialogue guides are usually expressed in the simple past tense, and they are customarily set off from the quoted material by commas. In the context of small-group communication, the term dialogue guide is sometimes used to refer to a facilitator of group discussions, or to a booklet that provides advice on fostering communication between individuals. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: DialogueDirect SpeechQuotationTom Swifty Examples and Observations Its a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied, explained my father to our astonished guests.(Amy Tan, Fish Cheeks. Seventeen magazine, 1987)Im here, she said, because Im a taxpayer, and I thought it was about time that my boys have a look at those animals.(Ralph Ellison, On Being the Target of Discrimination. The New York Times, April 16, 1989)Look at these, the man from Kentucky said, holding up a rib. You could take these home and use them to make a skeleton.(Susan Orlean, Lifelike. The New Yorker, June 9, 2003) â€Å"He doesnt want Dijon, he  insisted, waving the waitress off. Here- he shoved a yellow bottle of Frenchs mustard in my direction- heres some mustard right here.(Barack Obama,  The Audacity of Hope.  Crown/Three Rivers Press, 2006)Never, said Elie Wiesel, never shall I forget that night, the first night in the camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed.We gotta call the newspaper, a doctor said.No, Werner said. He looked straight ahead, not at any of them. I just want you to sew me up.(Jo Ann Beard, Werner. Tin House, Fall 2006) Once Steinbrenner  said to me  before an Old-Timers Game, Get your ass down there and manage the team.†(Robert Merrill, quoted by Curt Smith in  What Baseball Means to Me. Hachette, 2002) The Function of Dialogue GuidesWe use quotation marks to identify certain material as an accurate, word-for-word report of someone elses speech or writing.  A representation of speech usually has two parts, a  dialogue guide  identifying the speaker and the quote itself: I got it down from five to three minutes, Mr. Brennan said later of his feat.(Scott Rice, From Reading to Revision. Wadsworth, 1996)   Elmore Leonards Advice on Reporting Dialogue3. Never use a verb other than said to carry dialogue.The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But said is far less intrusive than grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied. I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with â€Å"she asseverated,† and had to stop reading to ge t the dictionary.4. Never use an adverb to modify the verb said† . . .. . . he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the exchange. I have a character in one of my books tell how she used to write historical romances full of rape and adverbs.(Elmore Leonard, Easy on the Adverbs, Exclamation Points and Especially Hooptedoodle. The New York Times, July 16, 2001) Alternate Spelling: dialog guide

Globalization or denationalization summary Essay

Globalization or denationalization summary - Essay Example There an increasing pressure for the IMF and US government for the implementation of both monetary and fiscal policies that comprise of global markets. 1. The subnational: a site for globalization Study of globalization entails both focusing global in scale and also locally scaled processes and conditions that are articulated within the global dynamics. It is essential to focus on the multiple cross-border connections that are aided by the reoccurrence of numerous conditions across localities. For instance, the global capital markets consist of both electronic markets that are global and locally conditions like financial centers that provide the infrastructure and trust systems for the global capital markets to function (Sassen p 1).Focusing on sub-national practices and globalization requires theories and methodologies that engage in both global scale and sub-national scale. Study of globalization under sub-national processes offers some advantages, but is challenging since it entai ls the use of both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. However, its provides the basis for utilization of sub-national and national data, but the studies must occur within the conceptual architectures of the researchers of such techniques and data sets since such data and conceptual framework was not geared to study of globalization. ... issue is the circuits that constitute political and economic globalization since a focus of places leads to demonstration of globalization in terms of several cross-border circuits depending on location of the place. Global cities are sub-national places whereby multiple global activities take place thus positioning such cities as structured cross-border geographies. For instance, circuits connecting Sao Paulo to global networks are different from those of other global cities like Frankfurt and Bombay. Increased economic transactions in older hegemonic cities like New York, Mexico City as well as emerging geographies like Shanghai that has a increasing cross-border transactions usually deviates from the concept of globalisation that is based on international trade, global markets and international institutions (Sassen p 4). The second aspect is the role of technology since firms and financial institutions use new technologies attain a global span. Surprisingly, resource-deficient fir ms can use new technology to become a microenvironment with a global presence thus dispelling the notion that physical proximity is a characteristic of local or nation. In deed, a reconceptualization of local is the notion that local scales form part of a nested hierarchy of scale from local to regional and finally international must be rejected. The third issue that arises is the interaction of the global dynamics and various aspects of national states since global is partially embedded in to national. The above three issues attest the fact that nationalism is inadequate due to transboundary dynamics some specific structuring of global within national requires special denationalization of some aspects of the national (Sassen p 5). 2. The devastating of older hierarchies of scale Some

Two Icons of Renaissance Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two Icons of Renaissance Art - Essay Example While many renowned names involve in this artistic stream, there are few who hold their stands unmatched as the propagators of artistic cultures. Two of such names are Botticelli and Raphael who introduced and developed a personal insightful depiction of some contemporary concepts and universal portrayals. Two notable works of art from Botticelli and Raphael are The birth of Venus (Botticelli) and Mond Crucifixion (Raphael). Those two works of art are very much the representing pieces for their contemporary culture picking up classical foundations to mount with artistic rendering of subtle individual depictions. Heritage of classical ages During renaissance, new developments and imaginations of most artists had come out of the classical traditions of arts. Notably, modernism had not touched the world and breaking of rules was limited only up to the imaginations of artists. Thus, artist of earlier renaissance period opted to provide their insights to some traditional themes. Both The Birth of Venus and Mond crucifixion are grounded in deep Christian imagination of human conditions. As in The birth of Venus, the iconography does not entail a violation of themes dwelling in contemporary consciousness. Similarly, in Mond Crucifixion depiction of Jesus is portrayed as a calm figure even when crucified. Theological icons as Venus and Jesus had a very specific place in classical artistic culture. On the other hand church’s influences were quite dominant over artistic depictions till renaissance. However, during renaissance most of the painters and artists had been associated and were adorned by the church too. It is mostly the style, imaginative depiction of surrounding and use of different shades which had put those arts on steps ahead of the classical ages. Materials, Style and Colors As Botticelli belonged to an era when Oil paintings were not popularized up to an extent The birth of Venus was painted on tempera while Mond Crucifixion arrived at a time when popularity of oil paintings had overtook the use of tempera around whole Europe. Historically too, Oil paintings proved to be more facilitative compared to tempera. Tempera dries very fast and painters had to be very accurate in mixing the paint. Oil painting proved to be easier to use enhancing numerous opportunities to painters to use fast brushstrokes. Comparing The birth of Venus to Mond Crucifixion, the use of oil in the later provides much scope to paint the background while in The birth of Venus background is dissolved into sea with very keen strokes till the end which is quite essential in a tempera material. In both the paintings, use of colors and lights is straight away comparable as The birth of Venus provides a little fading effect towards the third dimension while Mond Crucifixion holds sharper colors and clearer lights to sustain with the aura of Jesus which is essentially to be preserved in the painting. The birth of Venus is visualized with the imaginative beauty of painter’s convictions to the relevant matter described by many earlier artists. Instead of the three Hours of Homer's hymn and Poliziano's poem, he shows us one fair nymph, in a white robe, embroidered with blue corn-flowers, springing lightly forward to offer Venus a pink mantle sown with daisies. In the laurel groves along the shore, we see a courtly allusion to the "Laurel who sheltered the

Strategic Positioning of Southwest Airlines Assignment - 1

Strategic Positioning of Southwest Airlines - Assignment Example The world of the 21st century presents a global scenario which is powered by rapid change, ever-evolving business environment and high productivity of the masses.   The fast evolution and penetration of the internet in various corners of the globe along with the speedy acceptance of various kinds of sophisticated technological gadgets by the global masses has brought in a tremendous change in the nature and means of communication all over the world. The highly advanced level of development along the lines of communication has transformed the planet Earth into a single and highly connected entity. It is important to mention the fact that because of tremendous connectivity, the spreading and diffusion of various kinds of global trends which are emerging in various advanced and established markets are happening at a much faster rate. The fast diffusion of global trends is creating a steady demand among the consumers located in various parts of the world, which is automatically paving the way for the emergence of many new markets from various corners of the world. While studying the trend of emergence of new markets, it has been realized that majority of the new markets are emerging from young and growing economies, which are spread all over the world. Trend analysis and subsequent research have pointed out the fact that the new markets that are emerging from the developing economies will be the center point of future growth. As a result, there has been a growing trend which highlighted the fact that the businesses organizations, that are located in both the developing as well as developed economies are aggressively trying to enter into many new markets for the purpose of generating significant competitive advantage as well as solidify their future growth prospects.  

Healthcare management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare management - Essay Example However, the affordable healthcare act now stipulates that all citizens who do not have a form of employment are covered by Medicaid (Pipes, 2010). This, therefore, means that all patients are eligible for healthcare regardless of their risk factors and financial ability. This is a nightmare for most hospitals because it raises the cost of operations because the funding of this healthcare act is a collective venture (Pipes, 2010). As a result, there are certain costs that hospitals must try to avoid in order to maintain the business. First and foremost, hospitals must reduce redundancies in order to reduce recurrent expenditure. (Healthcareitnews.com, 2012) This is a tricky process as there is often a shortage of personnel hospitals, however, this must be done. Some personnel often carry out work that could be done by someone else or outsourced. For instance, some procedures that are non-essential could be outsourced to other hospitals. Also, the hospital should invest in a more stringent scrutiny measure for patients. (Ache.org, 2012)While this is an additional cost, it becomes an efficient criteria for identifying patients with high risk factors that could increase potential losses for the hospital. Finally, hospitals must look to find additional investors so as to increase the amount of capital in the running of the hospital. Healthcareitnews.com. (2012).  8 key issues for population health management in 2012 | healthcare it news. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/8-key-issues-population-health-management-2012 [Accessed: 18 Jan

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Land Law - Essay Example Therefore, it is important to now that Under (Law of Property Act 1925 s 199(1)(ii)(a)), the occupant(s) of the property have major interests ‘since it is implicit in Williams & Glyn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487, Midland Bank v Dobson [1986] 1 FLR 171 and Lloyds Bank v Rosset [1991] 1 AC 107 that the beneficial interest (of the third parties) under this trust precedes the court order’ (Milney, 1997). It is an important consideration that belief involved in proprietary estoppel cases can be in any rights in and over the property. Tom, another third party, through a properly executed deed, was given exclusive possession over a cottage in the property for a period of six years. In simpler words, the said cottage was given on lease to Tom by the sole registered owner, Simon. The deed is a legal contact between the two parties with specified terms and conditions. The contractual obligations are legally binding on the two parties. When the property is transferred or sold to another person, the liabilities and other encumbrances, unless discounted, are also carried forward, without affecting the rights of the people, especially those who are leased part of the property through proper legal deals. According to LRA 2002(c.9) Section 12(8), ‘registration with possessory title has the same effect as registration with absolute title, except that it does not affect the enforcement of any estate, right or interest adverse to, or in derogation of, the proprietor’s title subsisting at the time of registration or then capable of arising’ (www.opsi.gov.uk). Simon had also given right of way over his driveway to his neighbour Nora, for ‘as long as you live’. This law of easement primarily provides a right to use a piece of land by the neighbours for performing specific functions. The most popular easement is ‘right to

Healthcare management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare management - Essay Example However, the affordable healthcare act now stipulates that all citizens who do not have a form of employment are covered by Medicaid (Pipes, 2010). This, therefore, means that all patients are eligible for healthcare regardless of their risk factors and financial ability. This is a nightmare for most hospitals because it raises the cost of operations because the funding of this healthcare act is a collective venture (Pipes, 2010). As a result, there are certain costs that hospitals must try to avoid in order to maintain the business. First and foremost, hospitals must reduce redundancies in order to reduce recurrent expenditure. (Healthcareitnews.com, 2012) This is a tricky process as there is often a shortage of personnel hospitals, however, this must be done. Some personnel often carry out work that could be done by someone else or outsourced. For instance, some procedures that are non-essential could be outsourced to other hospitals. Also, the hospital should invest in a more stringent scrutiny measure for patients. (Ache.org, 2012)While this is an additional cost, it becomes an efficient criteria for identifying patients with high risk factors that could increase potential losses for the hospital. Finally, hospitals must look to find additional investors so as to increase the amount of capital in the running of the hospital. Healthcareitnews.com. (2012).  8 key issues for population health management in 2012 | healthcare it news. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/8-key-issues-population-health-management-2012 [Accessed: 18 Jan

The Human-Computer Interface Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Human-Computer Interface - Assignment Example Bourg and Bywalec (2013) defines haptic feedback as "The method of including physical feedback to assist a user in interacting with entirely virtual objects" (p. 411). Every gadget in todays world functions with the use of computerized systems. Haptic feedbacks can either be in form of vibrations or senses that identify the location of the objects or bodies, as well as movements. Haptic feedback in form of vibrations is used mainly in touch-screen mobile phones whereby the phones vibration system recognizes a touch on the screen by the user (Bourg and Bywalec, 2013). In essence, the touch-screen mobile phone to some extent vibrates in order to substitute for a typical or ordinary physical reaction from a push button. In terms of senses, Bourg and Bywalec (2013) emphasizes that haptic feedback is used in the creation of joysticks to play games. In games, haptic feedback is used to alert the player when an incident or episode has taken place. In some games in fact, the player can even be wobbled by the joystick to symbolize the happening of an incident. It is worth noting that haptic feedback is a vital constituent imperative in human-computer interface, and it as well needed for its effectiveness and minimization of inaccuracies or miscalculations in computerized gadgets (Bourg and Bywalec, 2013). Memory is regarded as one of the vital functions of the human mind. There are three types of human memory and they are grouped on the basis of the length of preservation or how long the memory is withheld in the brain. These three types of human memory according to Kumar (2005) include "Sensory memory, short0term memory, and long-term memory" (p. 115). In comparison, sensory memory denotes memory roughly at the instant it is professed while short-term memory refers to the sensory memory that manages to pass through to the sensory stockpile for storage. Long-term memory on the other hand is memory refers to the information that can be repossessed in a matter

Cialis Case Study Marking Scheme Essay Example for Free

Cialis Case Study Marking Scheme Essay Question 1 (25 Marks Total): According to information provided in the case, identify 3 main ED market segments. Describe each segment’s characteristics, including opportunities and barriers for adoption. Focus on key ED segments essential for future marketing campaign, as opposed to all possible segments. If sufficient information is provided in the case, identify potential size of the segment. -Correctly identifying demographics/age as a segment (2 marks) -Discuss main each age sub-group 20-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+ segments (2 marks) and main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption: ED as a normal part of aging vs. waiting for condition to go away (2 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Correctly identifying Viagra usage status as a segment (2 marks) -Estimating size of Current Viagra Users/Viagra Drop-outs/Never tried Viagra segments – (1 mark) -Describing main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption by each sub-group: focus on willingness to try Cialis dimensions (2 marks); possible reasons for dropping Viagra use (2 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Correctly identifying Benefit of Duration as a segment (2 marks) -Describing main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption by each sub-group of prior Viagra users drop-outs vs. current users and those who have not tried Viagra (4 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Partial marks awarded for ED market segments not mentioned above and a convincing argument/description for such segment’s importance (up to 6 marks) Question 2 (10 Marks Total) – Discuss evolution of the Viagra brand, how it is positioned on the market vs. public’s perception of the brand and resulting opportunities for Cialis -Discuss early endorsement by Bob Dole and positioning (ie ED is a serious disease, targeting older age segment) (3 marks), followed by Mark Martin and change in targeting/brand messaging (associating Viagra with success and excitement, targeting younger age group) (3 marks) -Discuss the image of Viagra in popular culture and opportunities for Cialis (ridiculing public images creating barriers for men to overcome; partner perceives that her husband’s desire is a result of taking the pill, not genuine desire) (4 marks). Question (3) (20 Marks Total): Describe Pro’s and Con’s of positioning Cialis (1) vertically based on duration of benefit and (2) horizontally based on attitudes toward sex. For this question, consider potential success with each market segment described in Question 1 and discuss differences in profiles of Cialis vs. Viagra. Consider whether each positioning increases demand in general or converts Viagra users. -Pro’s and con’s of Vertical positioning based on ’36 hours vs. 4’ hours. Should include the following: oConvenience/Spontaneity/Week-ends (1 Mark) oEconomics/Frequency (1 Mark) oPotential safety concerns (1 Mark) oNo interaction with high-fat meals (1 Mark) oOr other factors, justified (up to 2 Marks) oEffective use of information provided in the case, particularly in-depth interviews to justify position (2 Marks) oEffective analysis of appeal to each segment (3 Marks) oEffect on demand (1 Mark) -Pro’s and con’s of Horizontal Positioning based on attitude towards sex for Cialis vs. Viagra. Should include the following: oRomantic lifestyle (1 Mark) oExcitement/success (1 Mark) oMore natural sex dynamics for couples (1 Mark) oHero-enabler/Man is the hero vs. the pill being hero (1 Mark) oOr other factors, justified (up to 2 Marks) oEffective use of information provided in the case, particularly in-depth interviews to justify position (2 Marks) oEffective analysis of appeal to each segment (3 Marks) oEffect on demand (1 Mark) QUESTION 4 (35 Marks Total) – By answering each of the sub-questions 1 through 5, discuss how you would launch Cialis into the market, paying careful attention to the fact that incumbent may create certain barriers to overcome; consider benefits for Cialis market share vs. the entire category and fit with each market segment. 1)Briefly state your marketing strategy (horizontal vs. vertical); summarize your product positioning and launch strategy (5 Marks Total) 2)Describe your chosen product attributes in the context of your positioning (hint: describe only attributes you can control: color, packaging, name, etc) (5 Marks Total) 3)Describe your pricing strategy and provide annual per customer revenue estimate (13 Marks total) -Analysis pricing target and market segments (5 Marks) -Analysis for pricing above/below Viagra (5 Marks) oFactors that should be covered: ï‚ §Price image effects ï‚ §Economic benefit to patient ï‚ §Consumer willingness to pay ï‚ §Impact of coverage by Health Plans -Per Customer Revenue Estimate (3 Marks Total): oEstimate revenue based on patient pills per year and proposed price (2 Marks) taking into account dropouts (1 Mark) or other relevant factors (up to 1 Mark) 4)Describe primary aspects of your launch strategy with respect to Pull vs. Push marketing (7 Marks Total). -Analysis should include the following factors: oAnalysis of relevant physician behavior – urologists vs. generalists; doctors may refuse prescriptions and do not initiate treatment oAnalysis of relevant consumer behavior oRole of partners oProduct promotions, other means to encourage trying Cialis oSales force requirements oConsistency with each target market and positioning 5)Describe your Communication Strategy (5 Marks Total) oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Communication to each market segment ï‚ §Communicating to patients, partners, Viagra users, and physicians ï‚ §Which mediums should be deployed ï‚ §Who should be featured in adds, what age group(s), gender ï‚ §Event sponsorships and/or endorsements QUESTION 5 (10 Marks Total): Given your responses in Question 4 and by responding to sub-questions 1 and 2, discuss how Pfizer may respond to your Cialis positioning and how this may be addressed post product launch (7 marks); Discuss how Cialis could anticipate and respond to introduction of Levitra by GSK (3 marks). 1)Discuss how Pfizer may respond to Cialis positioning (7 marks) oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Most likely response(s) from Pfizer ï‚ §Viagra’s long presence in the market ï‚ §Promotions/discounts on Viagra ï‚ §Thoughtful argument how Cialis camp might respond oDiscuss how Cialis could anticipate and prepare introduction of Levitra by GSK (3 marks). oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Levitra profile ï‚ §Most likely positioning by GSK ï‚ §Response, if any, by Cialis camp

The Case Against Direct Changeover Information Technology Essay

The Case Against Direct Changeover Information Technology Essay The purpose of this report is to complete the requirements and implementation according to the CAVIES and VOLE case study. Evaluate if any objectives have changed or should have changed. Comments should address the following final installation plan. This report is about the CAVIES and VOLE final installation and support. This has been in place for .. months and this report covers the evaluation of the implementation. 1.2 Scope Analyze if proper limits were established in the feasibility study and if they were maintained during implementation. Comments should address the following: The business goals and objectives for this project will focus on implementing the system. Enhances the ability and effectiveness of staff to perform their jobs. Facilitates coordinated crime prevention and reduction. Provides data security. Provides an open, flexible, reliable technology base for the future. Facilitates the electronic capture of data at its source. Is easy to use. Eliminate redundant data entry throughout the organization. Ensure that end users have input into the design process. Accomplish project business goals and objectives within defined budget and time parameters. Minimize impact to standard business operations within the affected units. Craft a favourable and secure relationship between the Department and the selected vendor. Facilitates Help Desk Support System. 2. Installation 2.1 Deployment Plan Pilot Changeover Implement the new system at a selected location of the company, such as only one branch office. The first group to use the new system is called the pilot site. The old system is still running at the pilot site and for the rest of the organization. After the system proves successful at the pilot site, it is implemented into the rest of the organization, usually using the direct changeover method. Pilot conversion is a semi parallel and direct changeover method. Operating both systems at only one site is not as expensive. This strategy builds the confidence and the errors are traced easily. Pilot implementation where the new system will be implemented branch by branch, if there is an failure in the new system it will be in one branch only. The problem solved in any branch will not appear in the others. We recommend a pilot deployment. That is a deployment to a select group, probably power users or those in a particular department or division. Successful projects avoid a big bang approach which attempts to roll out the system to a large audience in a single deployment. This is asking for trouble. Instead start small using a pilot and obtain feedback. Pilot implementation: implementation_pilot With this strategy, the new system replaces the old one in one operation but only on a small scale.   For example it might be tried out in one branch of the company or in one location.   If successful then the pilot is extended until it eventually replaces the old system completely. Pilot operation is combination of both direct cutover and parallel operation, which restricts the implementation to a pilot site and reduces risk of system failure as compared with a direct cutover method. Operating system only at pilot site is less expensive than parallel operation. Creating a Pilot Program Need to create a test version of custom package, install it on a few lab computers, test and evaluate the performance, then update your package with any changes that we want to make. It is good practice to prepare a test plan and checklists for lab tests, and then use the test checklists to record satisfactory completion of tasks and note all problems with the process. Also, prepare a checklist to test each deployment and distribution strategy. Identify and select pilot groups and prepare them for pilot program. Run a pilot program for each unique environment or group. Locate groups that are representative of the users throughout organization. To maximize the success, make sure volunteers have enough time in their schedules to fully participate in pilot program. The following are procedures that can use to run a pilot program. To prepare a pilot program for deployment Identify the tasks and resources necessary to conduct the pilot program. Before deploy the new system to the organization, use lab clients to test and refine deployment strategies and configurations. To plan the pilot program: Select the appropriate pilot groups. Document the resources and tasks needed for the pilot program. Develop a user-training plan. Develop a user-support plan. Easy to train staff by letting them learn new skills on the pilot system. Easy to evaluate because the new and old systems are both running. Some staff have time to get used to and become fully trained in the new system before changeover but costs are spread (benefits of parallel running but costs are spread). When spread to other parts of the company, trained staff can act as mentors and so staff can train on a rota basis. Determine the ability of computer operations to schedule according to user needs and to complete scheduled tasks. Comments should address the following: Any problems in accomplishing the work The frequency and extent of the problems Suggested changes The effort required to make changes Volume of data processed (number of transactions) Number of errors made Frequency of problems with the interface Suggested changes Effort required to make the changes Identifying compatibility, conversion and migration strategies To top of page If the system will replace an existing system, compatibility, conversion, and migration issues must be addressed.   Specifically: Data from an existing system must be carried forward (and possibly converted in format) for the new system. Existing user interfaces (screen formats, commands, etc) must be supported in the new system. All existing application programming interfaces (APIs) must be maintained. Migration from the existing system to the new one must not disrupt end user service for more than a pre-determined amount of time (varies depending on the business). The new system must be capable of operating in parallel with the old system during the migration period. There must be a capability to fall back to the old system, if needed, during the first two weeks of operation. Old archive data may need to be processed on the new system. If it is cryptographically protected, then the encryption keys will need special consideration when migrating. The strategies chosen to address these issue will require appropriate support in the architecture and design of the system Determining user training needs To top of page For each category of user, including administration, operators, and end users, identify: What types of IT systems they use at the present. If this system will bring the first use of IT to any users, either within or external to the organization, flag this as a special requirement that will merit special attention. What new functions will be brought to them by this system. In broad terms, what their training needs will be. What requirements exist for National Language Support (NLS) Stage / milestone Planned date(s) Actual date(s) Implementation phase 9 Oct 2010 16 May 2011 9 Oct 2010 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (on-going and on-schedule) Preliminary installation and support plan By Week 5 (in February 2011) 18 Mar 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Final installation and support plan By Week 13 (20 May 2011) 20 May 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Installation 23 May 2011 31 Dec 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Support phase Must start as soon as any part of CAVIES and VOLE is live à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2.2 The Case Against Direct Changeover The new system is first of all piloted (trialled) in one part of the business / organisation (e.g. in just one office, or in just one department). Once the pilot system is running successfully, the new system is introduced to the all of the business / organisation. stacks_image_DD1DE2A0-86E7-481C-9D4B-F5B766B39D27 The pilot changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of a company. Direct cutover method and operating both systems for only the pilot site. The group that uses the new system first is called the pilot site. By restricting the implementation to a pilot site reduces the risk of system failure as compared with is less expensive than a parallel system. 2.3 Data Migration System will migrate data that is determined to be necessary for the future business process and manage the effort associated with any manual data clean up identified. Data Conversion Plan Transformation Calendar Planning Extraction Loading Three-Step Data Conversions: 1. Test a conversion sample of existing data 2. Initial data conversion 3. Final conversion of data before going live Once the decision is made to perform data migration; before migration can begin the following analyses must be performed: Analyze and define source structure (structure of data in the legacy system) Analyze and define target structure (structure of data in the new system) Perform field mapping (mapping between the source and target structure with data cleansing, if necessary) Define the migration process (automated vs. manual) Migration As part of the installation comes often the issue of migration: Replacing an older system with a new one, with or without constraints of continuity of operation. Converting existing data to a new format. Module Description Appointments-module Books appointments for clients to see a veterinary surgeon/nurse with one or more of their pets (i.e. can book multiple appointments) in CAVIES Records-module Enters details for individual pets belonging to clients, giving information on state of health, prescription(s), progress, review dates, etc. in CAVIES Treatments-module Books treatments for pets with a veterinary surgeon/nurse (can book multiple treatments) in CAVIES Sales-module Standard EPOS functions linked to the practice tills, with stock control and reporting functions available to the local practice manager on a PC through VOLE Orders-module Generates orders for replenishment of supplies (VPOM drugs must be approved by a veterinary surgeon) 2.4 Training Training courses may be conducted at the head office Southgate. Courses are customized to needs and may include topics ranging from an introduction to advanced topics such as advanced software development, tuning application to improve performance, and using the new system effectively. Training may include tutorials and hands-on practical experience. The timeliness of the training provided Method of training (Ex Formal classroom session, Informal seminar discussion, Computer aided training, User manuals) The adequacy of the training The appropriateness of the training Identification of additional training needs by job category The ability of the personnel to use the training provided Types of Training   APPLICATION STAFF TRAINING    Types of training for application staff may include:  · System Overview  · Transition to New System Training, including:  · How to Use the System  · New Procedures Itemized by Task, (tasks will differ for Application Management Staff, Application Line Staff, Application Administrative Staff)  · Refresher Training (summary version of Transition to New System Training)  · New Worker Training (may be the same as Transition to New System Training or Refresher Training)  · User Interface training, (e.g., Microsofts Windows)  · Network navigation, (e.g., LAN and WAN concepts, where data can be found, printing over the network, network support contact) OPERATION STAFF TRAINING Types of training for operations staff, (e.g., LAN Administrator, Help Desk Staff, and Network and Systems Management), may include: LAN Administrator  · Hands-on Training on the Product Installed  · Network Operating System  · Upper-Layer Protocols  · Scheduled Background processing, (e.g., error handling)  · Security, (e.g., how to establish user accounts)  · Back-up and Recovery Procedures  · Physical Media handling, (e.g., tape handling) Help Desk Staff  · Hands-on Training on the Product Installed  · Network Operating System  · Upper, Middle, and Lower Protocol Layers  · Network Components, (e.g., bridges, routers, and hubs) Network and Systems Management  · Hands-on Training on the Product Installed  · Network Operating System  · Upper, Middle, and Lower Protocol Layers  · Network Components, (e.g., bridges, routers, and hubs)  · Network Performance and Problem Diagnosis Tools TECHNICAL STAFF TRAINING  Ã‚   Depending on the system architecture and the role of the customer programming staff, the types of training for technical staff, (e.g., Application Programmers, Information Technology Manager, Database Administrator), may include: Application Programmers  · Principles of Client/Server    · Application Development/Maintenance (for the specific environment), including:  · Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design  · Event-Driven Programming  · Object-Oriented Concepts  · Object-Oriented Analysis and   Design  · Object-Oriented Programming  · New Programming Languages, (e.g., C++)  · Application Development Tools, (e.g., CASE, Powersofts PowerBuilder, Microsofts Visual C++, Microsofts Visual Basic)  · Database Training, (e.g., SQL, Microsoft or Sybase SQL Server, Oracle)  · Team Building  · Network Overview Information Technology Manager  · Application Programmer Training Courses  · Managing a Client/Server Environment Database Administrator  · Principles of Client/Server  · Database Training (e.g., SQL, Microsoft or Sybase SQL Server, Oracle)  · Multiplatform Environments  · Data Modeling  · Performance Monitoring Possible Training Methods Instructor-Led Training Instructor-led training includes:  · classroom training (group instruction),    · train-the-trainers (group instruction),    ·on-line group training (group instruction),    ·videoconferencing, (group instruction that is instructor-led, but for many participants the instructor is in another location),  ·video/on-line training (group instruction),    · on-the-job coaching (individual instruction). Self-Directed Training Self-directed training includes:  ·on-line self-directed training (individual instruction),    ·off-line self-directed training, such as the use of printed materials, audio cassettes, or video (individual instruction). Just-in-Time Training Just-in-time training includes:  ·Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS) (individual instruction),  ·continuous improvement instruction (individual or team instruction),  ·computer-mediated asynchronous collaboration (group instruction from an individual perspective). 2.5 Documentation A number of documents are produced during the development of a new computer application. Essentially there are two types: User Guides User guides are written in plain English rather than technical language. The guide should cover how to run the system, how to enter data, how to modify data and how to save and print reports. The guide should include a list of error messages and advice on what to do if something goes wrong. Technical Documentation Technical documentation is used to explain a system to a specialist i.e. an analyst/programmer. This document will be used if any changes have to be made to the system. It is a very important document which needs to be fully up-to-date. Excellent documentation will reduce your support costs. Every answer that someone finds in the user guide or the help system means one less call or email to your support line. The support team can concentrate on finding answers to real problems, rather than explaining to a customer how to switch an appliance on, or how to install a computer program. User Manuals These are the easiest to read and use, and are designed for the non-technical reader who wants to start with how to switch it on and use it. It may even show where the On switch is. (Dont laugh people ask!) When designed for software packages, these guides are designed to provide the user all the information they need to use the software to perform a range of tasks. A well designed user guide can: reduce support calls help new staff perform daily tasks help experienced staff perform infrequent tasks standardise work practises. Technical Manuals These are for the more technical readers, often at graduate level, and may cover the complete setup of a software system, for example. Support Manuals These are for Help Desk staff, who need to know how the overall system should be set up, and including total support information. This normally includes Technical and User Manual content. Training Manuals These can be written for your training staff, and provide you with material for training other users of equipment or systems; or they may just complement your own Customer Training process. Working one-to-one with clients allows close cooperation, so when you need alternatives, we design accordingly. Reference Manuals (Programmer Bibles) These are typically comprehensive manuals which the user can use to check for information when required. They are fully indexed and cross-referenced. If your product is so complicated that a third-party specialist takes care of the maintenance on your behalf, then this type of manual is ideal. For portability and ease of use, these typically large manuals can also be generated in pdf format so they can be accessed on-line (via an intranet, on-line help or web site), or from a CD. Standards and Procedures As your company grows, you will need to document your standards and procedures. They bring together the knowledge within your company, help new staff learn company procedures, and help ensure everyone is working to the same standards. Basically, they are an ideal way to underpin your internal quality systems. Specifications Technical staff, while highly-skilled and very knowledgeable, frequently have problems putting their thoughts down on paper. We can make sense of the technical jargon and scribbled notes (including beer mats!) to produce your specifications. Release Notes These documents are primarily used by software houses and are aimed at internal staff and expert-end users. They describe new and advanced functionality at a high level in new software releases. Operating Instructions Ideal for anyone operating specialist equipment, in the home or commercial premises. Clear instructions, supported by illustrations (and photographs where appropriate), with trouble shooting tips. These instructions can be particularly useful for newly trained staff. Good operating instructions can enhance your product and your companys reputation. Assembly Instructions If you supply a flat-packed product, these are vital for your customers. They take the customer through the task step-by-step in a visual format. They also include a check list of components. Overviews Overviews are designed to support your sales literature and give an in-depth view of your product. They enable your clients, both new and established, to make informed decisions in conjunction with input from your staff. Skills Books Your company probably has at least one member of staff that all the others go to for knowledge and advice about one particular aspect of your business operations, products or services. A series of skills books can capture this invaluable knowledge so that it can be shared by everyone while reducing the pressures on your expert staff. These books can also be used to drive internal training sessions. Test Scripts Prior to going live with a new computer system, it is always advisable to run your own tests on a test system. It is not enough to simply enter a few sales orders. A series of carefully designed test scripts will ensure your staff puts the system through its paces, highlighting possible problems before the go-live date. Multimedia Systems These interactive solutions combine text, graphics and maybe even sound for presentations, demonstrations and tutorials. Document Redesign (Cosmetic Surgery) Maybe you have all the right documentation but it is old fashioned and looking dated. Maybe it doesnt completely cover everything. Maybe you just need to change the delivery format, for example, convert your paper documentation to on-line help. We can analyse your existing documentation to help you achieve the look, feel and content you need. 2.6 Business Change Issues As we can determine from above information that pilot approach is the best approach where we can see the combination of less risks as well as less implementation cost because. There are many health centers so we can implement the new system only at any one of the health centers to check whether it is working appropriately or not. And this method is also cheaper than all other methods except direct cut over where there are chances of risks here in this method risk of system failure is very less. Workshops close down for half a working day but it will take two full working days to install and configure CAVIES and VOLE system in live working environment. There should be little disruption as possible to normal business operation. The full business benefit will be achieved when all workshops are live on CAVIES and VOLE. Giving most priority to CAVIES and VOLE and train the staffs for the new system will cause the business slightly. And until the staff used to the new system there may be possible to have technical errors. STITCH (SMARTS Training Information Technology Communications Harmonisation) intends to evaluate the overall impact on business, social and technical issues for future attention. Issue Management The information contained within the Project Plan will likely change as the project progresses. While change is both certain and required, it is important to note that any changes to the Project Plan will impact at least one of three critical success factors: Available Time, Available Resources (Financial, Personnel), or Project Quality. The decision by which to make modifications to the Project Plan (including project scope and resources) should be coordinated using the following process: Step 1: As soon as a change which impacts project scope, schedule, staffing or spending is identified, the Project Manager will document the issue. Step 2: The Project Manager will review the change and determine the associated impact to the project and will forward the issue, along with a recommendation, to the Steering Committee for review and decision. Step 3: Upon receipt, the Steering Committee should reach a consensus opinion on whether to approve, reject or modify the request based upon the information contained within the project website, the Project Managers recommendation and their own judgment. Should the Steering Committee be unable to reach consensus on the approval or denial of a change, the issue will be forwarded to the Project Sponsor, with a written summation of the issue, for ultimate resolution. Step 4: If required under the decision matrix or due to a lack of consensus, the Project Sponsor shall review the issue(s) and render a final decision on the approval or denial of a change. Step 5: Following an approval or denial (by the Steering Committee or Project Sponsor), the Project Manager will notify the original requestor of the action taken. There is no appeal process. 2.7 Installation Schedule This section should outline the way you will roll out the technology, including the highest level milestones. GANTT CHART 3. Support 3.1 Support Needs RABBIT Steering Committee role Position Name Joint Executive Joint Owner/Managing Director Neil Nimbus Joint Executive Joint Owner/Managing Director Simon Wheatley Senior user Practice Manager Verity Green Senior user Financial Controller Hadi Esfahani Senior user ISS Manager Vanessa Phillips CAVIES and VOLE Project Manager ISS Project Manager F S Haroon MICE Project Manager ISS Project Manager Fergus Sheridan Support Services Offered We provide the following telephone, remote-access and onsite support for New System, hardware, network and Microsoft products: Phone and Remote Access On-site Support Software Implementation Upgrade Installation Hardware/Software Data Import/Export Business practices consulting Training-on site ATC Classroom Forms/Report Design 3.2 ISS Help Desk The Support Plan is what we call the backup service we offer to CAVIES and VOLE users to ensure that you have all the help you need to get the most out of the software. Here are the benefits. Unlimited Telephone, Email and Online Help Desk Support Unlimited telephone support from our technical staff, priority treatment for any email support and free use of our Online Helpdesk System FREE Version Upgrades* We usually release a major upgrade to every couple of years or so. Customers on the Support Plan receive a completely FREE upgrade to the latest version (otherwise an upgrade fee has to be paid). Online Backup Service Support Plan customers have the option of an Online Backup account. We will help to configure an automatic backup schedule for you so that Database is uploaded to a secure server every night, giving extra peace of mind. Discounts on other Support Services Support Plan customers receive massive discounts on our other services such as Report Designing, Data Conversion and On-Site Installation Training. Wishlist Implementation To continually improve the software, we operate a wishlist system so that users can make requests for new features or changes. Requests from customers on the Support Plan are given priority so that you can have an active role in the ongoing development of software. User Support and customer service on company supported computer application and platforms. Troubleshoot problems and advise on the appropriate action. Main Job and Responsibilities. Telephone Support Remote Support On-site Support Roles and Responsibilities Respond to requests for technical assistance in person, via phone, electronically Diagnose and resolve technical hardware and software issues. Research questions using available information resources Advise user on appropriate act Follow Standard help desk procedures Log all help desk interactions Administer help desk software Redirect problems to appropriate resource Identify and escalate situations requiring urgent attention Track and route problems and requests and document resolutions Prepare activity reports Stay current with system information, changes and updates Project Roles and Responsibilities Role Responsibilities Project Sponsor Ultimate decision-maker and tie-breaker Provide project oversight and guidance Review/approve some project elements Steering Committee Commits department resources Approves major funding and resource allocation strategies, and significant changes to funding/resource allocation Resolves conflicts and issues Provides direction to the Project Manager Review project deliverables Project Manager Manages project in accordance to the project plan Serves as liaison to the Steering Committee Receive guidance from Steering Committee Supervises consultants Supervise vendor(s) Provide overall project direction Direct/lead team members toward project objectives Handle problem resolution Manages the project budget Project Participants Understand the user needs and business processes of their area Act as consumer advocate in representing their area Communicate project goals, status and progress throughout the project to personnel in their area Review and approve project deliverables Creates or helps create work products Coordinates participation of work groups, individuals and stakeholders Provide knowledge and recommendations Helps identify and remove project barriers Assure quality of products that will meet the project goals and objectives Identify risks and issues and help in resolutions Subject Matter Experts Lend expertise and guidance as needed Help Desk will be located in Southgate, Head Office and it will staffed as follows; 2 project managers (F S Haroon, and the MICE project manager Fergus Sheridan) 3 system/database administrators 2 business analysts 4 Oracle developers The ISS Service Desk is the place to go with any queries about ISS services. Service Desk is open weekdays between: 0900 1700 3.3 Outsourcing the Help Desk Help Desk Staff Position Name Senior user Pract

Marlowes Doctor Faustus Essays -- Marlowe Doctor Faustus Essays

Marlowe's Doctor Faustus In Faustus' first speech in Act 1, my main feeling towards Faustus was not sympathy but irritation. I became aware of Faustus' arrogance and his impatience with ordinary learning, particularly with his referral to law as 'a petty case of paltry legacies.' He also constantly refers to himself as 'Faustus', reminding himself of his own importance. Other aspects of Faustus' character are revealed in the descriptive language he uses. He is 'ravish'd' by magic, and is 'glutted' with learning. These adjectives show a very sensual personality. The good and bad angels represent the two different sides of his personality, one side urging him to sell his soul for magic and the other urging him to remember that heaven is 'his chiefest bliss'. Faustus seems to be a very worldly character in his first speech but when he speaks of what he will do with his 'heavenly' powers, they are very small goals. Faustus shows his true colours as a student when he tells Cornelius and Valdes that he will 'fill the public schools with silk' and make 'the Rhine circle fair Wittenberg'. These aims show his loyalty to his home and to his students. In the first scene, the main thing I notice about Faustus is his naà ¯vety. He does not realise the horrors of hell, partly through his determination not to believe in it, and partly through Cornelius' and Valdes' influence, as they give him the magic books with no warning as to their power. After Faustus summons Mephostophilis, he seems to quite flippant towards holy things, and even orders the devils to change. He tells Mephostophilis to 'return and old Franciscan friar, that holy shape becomes a devil best'. The first thing Faustus does when he summons Mephost... ...s ironic as she is conjured, and a devil. Faustus' pleading becomes increasingly desperate and he says he would give up everything for being saved. Even 'that I had never seen Wittenberg, never read book'. His very last offer to Lucifer is 'I will burn my books!' This shows his desperation as this would be the ultimate sacrifice for Faustus, the ultimate scholar. Throughout the play, my sympathy for Faustus varies in intensity. I feel most sympathy in the final scene, when he wishes to repent, but cannot. However, it is difficult to conjure up much sympathy for Faustus as he brought his fate on himself. He had opportunities to redeem himself and rejected them time and time again. He cannot be classed as a tragic hero as he has too many faults. Faustus is arrogant, vain, materialistic, and naà ¯ve. All these characteristics eventually lead to his downfall.

Kes the Play

kes In this assignment I am writing about the play called†kes†how Barry Hines the author of Kes brought his characters to life. He has gone into great detail and time to produce this play by trying to bring his characters to reality by their language , the surroundings of that area and the clothing they wear. The area where this scene is set is in a rough, unpleasant place, Barnsley. Although Barnsley is local to us, it is an industrial working class area were poor unwealthy people go to work and try to make end meet to feed their families. All these characters show how they act as normal on an ordinary day, because Barry Hines needed to get across the description that effect his characters in the play. Billy did not have a good relationship between his family his mom and brother. His mom does not care for Billy, all she wants to do is go to parities and knockabout with men, this shows that her children don’t come first in her life. Billy clothes are dirty and appalling with wholes and stains in them because he doesn’t wash his clothes. In the morning when he wakes up his mom doesn’t leave tea in the pot for him and tells him to go to the shop for her to buy cigs, before he goes to school, so Billy will be late, Billy runs out the house and goes to school after having an argument with his mom to go to the shop for cigs. His mom doesn’t have any money for him for hi school dinner because she spent it the night before or she needs it for the night ahead. Billys brother Jud steals his snap for school and takes his bike so Billy’s got nothing for school. Jud went out one night and got really drunk when he came home, Jud woke Billy up to undress him because he was too drunk to do it himself, it is the only way Billy can get his own back by slapping and shouting at him â€Å"you drunken sow og pig bastard. Billys school life is not much better than his home life; his school is run down, horrible and dirty. He thinks the whole world is against him and does get along with other kids in school he doesn’t knock about with any mate’s accept his kestrel bird. Barry Hines the other of Kes describes a bewildering scene into which Billy fits appropriately when he is fighting over a schoolmate over his brother â€Å"Im not frightened of him that would be if he were here I bet I know somebody who could fight him. Soon the fight broke out in the playground everyone gathered round. There is one teacher in the school that takes and interest in Billy due to the hawk. He helped Billy against McDowel so Billy would not get into trouble. The teacher Mr Farthering finds out about Billy’s hawk and asked if he could see the bird. The kestrel is the only pleasure Billy gets in his life, he found it in the formers land in the forest and asked if he could have it, ever since he has owned Kes (name of the bird) he’s been training it, he was so interested in this bird he went to the library to find a book on kestrel but he was not allowed to take it out because he was not a member so he stole it, because Billy was not wealthy his brother and him had to share a bed together. Billy has a paper round, when he goes to collect his papers he steals chocolates and drinks he does this because he is hungry and he probably doesn’t get enough food at home. Billy does his papers in a bad area, the owner of the newsagent Mr Potter said Billys brother Jud gave Billy ? 10 to go and bet on a hoarse, so he went down prepared to bet for Jud as he was down there, Billy spoke to one of Jud’s mates and said it wasn’t worth betting on that hoarse, well Billy did not need to be told twice so he used the money to buy food for him and his bird. As soon as Jud found out his hoarse won and there was no bet on it he went looking for Billy, but Billy hid every time he saw his brother, so Jud stopped looking and went to find Billys only friend in the world and killed his hawk. As soon as Billy found his bird he ran and buried it in the field and went to bed.

Importance of youth character building in eliminating corruption from thepakistani society pdf Essay

Fighting corruption has emerged as a key development issue in India in recent years. More and more policymakers, businesses, and civil society organizations, have begun to confront the issue openly. At the same time the general level of understanding about corruption has risen markedly. Until recently, it was not uncommon to hear someone discuss anti-corruption strictly in law enforcement terms. By contrast, most people working in the field today acknowledge that public education and prevention are equally important. The field has also come to appreciate how critical the role of civil society is for effective and sustained reform. A number of factors explain this growing emphasis on fighting corruption. Expansion and consolidation of democracy at the grassroots level has enabled citizens to use the vote and new-found civil liberties to confront corruption, prompting leaders and opposition figures to show a stronger anti-corruption commitment. Internationally, since the end of the Cold War, donor governments have focused less on ideological grounds for foreign assistance and concentrated more on trade and development, both of which are undermined by corruption. Countries with high levels of corruption, like India, have found themselves less able to attract investment and aid in a competitive global market. At the same time, business within the country has faced ever stiffer competition with the gobalization of trade and capital markets, and has become less willing to tolerate the expense and risk associated with corruption. LITERATURE REVIEW The body of theoretical and empirical research that objectively addresses the problem of corruption has grown considerably in recent years ( Elliot 1997, Coolidge and Rose-Ackerman 1997, Gandhi 1998, Gill 1998, Girling 1997, HDC 1999, Kaufmann and Sachs 1998, Mauro 1995, Paul and Guhan 1997, Shleifer and Vishnay 1998, Stapenhurst and Kpundeh 1998, Vittal 1999, World Bank 1997). A preliminary analysis of the literature shows that corruption in India and elsewhere is recognized as a complex phenomenon, as the consequence of more deep seated problems of policy distortion, institutional incentives and governance. It thus cannot be addressed by simple legal acts proscribing corruption. The reason is that, particularly in India, the judiciary, legal enforcement institutions, police and such other legal bodies cannot be relied upon, as the rule of law is often fragile, and thus can be turned in their favour by corrupt interests. BASIC HYPOTHESIS Preliminary examination of data from various sources suggests the formulation of a clear hypothesis concerning the role of civil society in combating corruption in India. The hypothesis is that the sustenance and success of efforts to combat systemic corruption in India is directly related to the extent of participation of the civil society in these efforts. The underlying idea is that development is not the product of set of blueprints given by the political leadership independently of the civil society but is often a joint output of the civil society itself. The pace and direction of the developmental efforts is shaped by the umbilical relationship between the state and civil society. Viewed in this perspective, anti-corruption strategies are not simply policies that can be planned in advance and isolation, but often a set of subtler insights that can be developed only in conjunction with citizen participation. Combating corruption is, therefore, not just a matter of making laws and creating institutions, but rather it is deeply rooted in the activities of the civil society itself. METHODOLOGY In recent years significant improvements have been made in the measurement of corruption, in the construction of composite corruption indices, and in the design and implementation of surveys. Beyond applying improved empirics through a multi-pronged approach to surveys, it is now possible to construct a framework linking the analytical and empirical research with operationally relevant utilization. We can effectively utilize empirical analysis in the design and implementation of action programs. The Economic Development Institute at the World Bank, in collaboration with the Transparency International and local NGOs, has developed a methodological approach integrating within one empirical framework the various components identified so far for understanding and combating corruption. This overall empirical approach links worldwide database and analysis with determinants of corruption, in-depth country analysis, and country action program (Kaufmann, Pradhan, and Ryterman 1998). In this research paper the World Bank framework is used to understand and explain the role of civil society in combating corruption in India, and consider recent initiatives for an effective action plan in this regard.