Clyde Beasley and Social Influence :: essays research papers

Jail: A Social Nightmare Social brain research is the logical investigation of how we consider, impact, and identify with each other. What happens when there is just a single method to get things done without being prodded, copied or ever harassed? We accommodate. Despite the fact that the guidelines are unexpected now in comparison to is has been previously, the hypothesis is the equivalent: for the vast majority, whatever they think will make their life most effortless, they will adjust to. Clyde Beasley has been an awesome case of adaptation in his life time, despite the fact that he is an exceptionally autonomous individual at this point. He has been detained twice for running a medication activity and been imprisoned an in level four greatest security jail. Just during the second sentence of more than 10 years did he understand how he expected to completely change him and since he has been free he has driven a totally legitimate existence without even a minor traffic reference. While he was in jail anyway it is difficult to act naturally Indeed, even while he was still in jail Clyde started to consider ways he could get fruitful in a lawful manner. His yearnings had consistently been notoriety and riches which was the explanation he started to bargain in any case. He concocted thoughts of innovations he could sell while still in jail and now runs many organization's and a non-benefit association: HIPP-MO-TIZE, which is centered around youth and ladies. In jail regardless of what your way of life and style resembles you are compelled to fit in with a race standard, in the event that you are Asian you must resemble the various Asians, on the off chance that you are white, you are compelled to connect yourself with just the other white individuals. This is an exceptionally outrageous case of regularizing social impact. Regulating social impact, when an individual changes their activities to either be acknowledged or to abstain from being dismissed, can be found in any culture you watch. In schools you can see in any case canny children utilizing words and talking in manners that can be delegated crazy and brainless. They won't do schoolwork since it is viewed as uncool.

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts

Which means and Origin of the Surname Roberts A patronymic last name meaning child of Robert, from the Welsh given name Robert, which means splendid acclaim. The family name is gotten from the Germanic components hrod meaning distinction and beraht meaning brilliant. The root of the name Roberts is Welsh and German and is the 45th most famous family name in the United States just as the 6th most basic last name in Wales. Brisk Facts The moniker for Robert is ordinarily Bob or Bobby while the ladylike structure is regularly Roberta or Bobbi.The Normans verifiably acquainted the last name Roberts with Britain permitting it to be well known in places like England, Wales and Ireland.Roberts can likewise be credited to the Italian root associated with Rupert and is associated with Flanders by the names Rops and Rubbens.The famous anecdotal character and childrens toy doll, Barbie, is additionally referred to by her complete name as Barbara Millicent Roberts. Interchange Surname Spellings RobertRobartsRobinsRobartRopartzRobbertsRopertRuppert Acclaimed People Julia Roberts: American on-screen character well known for films Pretty Woman, Steel Magnolias, and Erin Brockovich. She is one of the most generously compensated entertainers in Hollywood.Rick Ross: His genuine name is William Leonard Roberts II. Rick Ross is a rapper and mark supervisor who was first marked to P. Diddys Ciroc Entertainment.Doris Roberts: Famous TV entertainer known for her job in the famous arrangement Everbody Loves Raymond. She had additionally been on Desperate Housewives, Grays Anatomy and other TV appears. Family history Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Last names Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the a large number of Americans wearing one of these best 100 regular last names from the 2000 census?Roberts Family Genealogy ForumSearch this mainstream parentage gathering for the Roberts family name to discover other people who may be exploring your precursors, or post your own Roberts query.FamilySearch - Roberts GenealogyFind records, questions, and heredity connected family trees posted for the Roberts family name and its variations.Roberts Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb has a few free mailing records for scientists of the Roberts surname.Cousin Connect - Roberts Genealogy QueriesRead or post ancestry inquiries for the family name Roberts, and pursue free notice when new Roberts questions are added.DistantCousin.com - Roberts Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and lineage joins for the last name Roberts. Look at the asset First Name Meanings to find the significance of a given name. Suggest a surnameâ be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings and Origins on the off chance that you can't locate your last name recorded. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Word reference of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Individual Dreamweaver Lessons Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Dreamweaver Lessons - Coursework Example The following is the structure of a website page spared as htm or htlm record. We likewise secured CSS planner. The talk addresses Live view and Live code that help in giving the specific survey of the page structured and how outwardly changing the site page created will influence the code behind the scene. The main exercise additionally gives a diagram how you can make a hyperlink on a site page. The tag â€Å"† was utilized to make a hyperlink. Use bar to interface segment of the archives to different pages. For instance, In this exercise, making of another site took the middle stage by characterizing site setting utilizing Site Setup discourse box. The Servers, Versions just as cutting edge setting choices utilized in characterizing your site. This talk likewise pronounced the DOCTYPE utilized in HTML5 which is . The exercise additionally took a gander at the arrangement of sparing the new site made. The record made ought to have â€Å"html† document group and just extraordinary characters, for example, underscores (_) is utilized to isolate the words. You should spare it on one significant organizer. CSS helps in characterizing appearance of a page. You can set foundation shading or connection shading whichever pertinent utilizing CSS. Note that Document Type set to HTML5 is set as Unicode (UTF-8) and that Adobe Photoshop is being utilized in a following picture, for example, JPEG and GIF. We saw nearby root envelope on how one can duplicate, select, view or open documents from it. It additionally addresses realistic document types being shown by internet browsers. The realistic records examined incorporate GIF that gathers shading pictures and utilized for the most part in territories with level hues like logos. JPEG design is utilized in inline pictures. While embeddings a logo/picture, utilize the arrangement. You would then be able to set logo/picture width and length. Embeddings of Photoshop brilliant items in a html structure was additionally handled. Use in bunch square components. When utilizing HTML tables use characteristics, for example, dl, dt, and

Western Education in Nineteenth-Century India :: Essays Papers

Western Education in Nineteenth-Century India This page proposes to look at the historical backdrop of English language and writing in pioneer India so as to feature why they ought to hold high social status in the post autonomy years. Definitely this was a progressing procedure when consequences of which mirror the combination of a wide scope of social, political, and social impacts. In any case, it very well may be seen that specific approaches and distributions had a specific power and impact. Through sketching out the most persuasive of these it will be conceivable to enlist how their resonations keep on impinging upon the social and social milieu of post autonomy India today. In the field of post-frontier examines the topic of whether to write in the language of the previous oppressor turns into a fervently discussed subject offering ascend to much contrast of supposition. Pivotal Events in the Shaping of a Language Culture The Charter Act of 1813 announced that English would be instructed in the Indian training framework despite the fact that not as a substitution for indigenous dialects . Rather, it was foreseen that English would coincide with Oriental investigations as a methods by which moral law could be fortified. The 1817 distribution of John Mill's History Of British India end up being a characterizing content in the hypotheses of how instruction strategies ought to be shaped (ed. Horace Hayman Wilson: London, Piper, Stephenson and Spence, 1858). Plant was arranged immovably in the Enlightenment convention and derisive of thoughts that Indian culture and custom was of significant incentive for a propelling country. He excused social history on the premise that it was not fundamentally roused by reason and along these lines was silly, unreasonable and old. Depending on minister records of Hindu society Mill censured Indian conduct as shameless in contrast with European sets of accepted rules. India and Indians were regarded a whimsical, offbeat and in reverse country with an immense potential for improvement. On the planet perspective on Mill and others the unrefined rising civilisation of India could be coordinated and formed by the ethically unrivaled provincial force. Plant upheld the acqu aintance of European information with balance Indian characteristics decided to be unreasonable. Imparting standards of reason would likewise 'change' Indians by the case of Western frameworks of thought and viewpoint. The thoughts contained inside the History Of British India undermined Indian culture, language and writing even as its suspicions of good prevalence approve and defended the nearness of the British in India.

Dunkin Donuts Free Essays

The reason for this paper is to examine the parts of Ramone turning into a franchisee of Dunkin’ Donuts. The author will discuss any basic issues that Ramone will look during this procedure. Also, the author will talk about any data that Ramone ought to be aware of preceding turning into a franchisee. We will compose a custom paper test on Dunkin Donuts or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The creator will likewise consider about what promoting blend the future franchisee should search for with his business and what advertising data he should look for. Finally, the author will give his/her proposals on what moves ought to be made to amend any basic issues that were distinguished. Presentation Dunkin’ Donuts was the formation of Bill Rosenberg, who opened the principal store in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1950. The motto, â€Å"America Runs on Dunkin† has become a family unit express. Dunkin’ Donuts is considered the world’s biggest espresso and prepared products chains, outperforming the Starbucks and Krispy Kreme chains. They serve in excess of 52 unique assortments of doughnuts, over twelve sorts of espressos, a combination of other heated merchandise (www. dunkindonuts. com). It is a marvel that more individuals are not seizing the chance to turn into a piece of this incredible brand. Ramone has come to acknowledge what an extraordinary open door this would be and is prepared to begin the diversifying procedure. Ramone has been keen on diversifying for quite a while. He was never fully sure what kind of business he would wind up picking. He just knew one thing without a doubt; it would be in the food administration industry. The trying Dunkin’ Donuts franchisee, has understood the potential that this chain holds. He meets the entirety of their capabilities, which are a total assets of $1, 500,000, money liquidity of $750,000, and earlier business experience (http://www. business visionary. com/establishments/dunkindonuts/282304-0. html). He has concluded that he needs to turn into a Dunkin’ Donuts franchisee, however has a few vulnerabilities. Basic Issues One basic issue that caused Ramone to be troubled was the showcasing part of diversifying. â€Å"Marketing includes everything that it takes to get an item or administration into the buyer’s hands† (Judd Justice, 2008). The Dunkin Donuts franchisee is qualified for promoting support as provincial publicizing (http://www. business person. com/establishments/dunkindonuts/282304-0. html). Ramone is uncertain what is promoting procedure will comprise of; that is, the thing that clients he should market to and what will satisfy their necessities. Another issue that Ramone is battling with was the place he should put his new Dunkin Donuts establishment. This is a significant factor in deciding his prosperity or disappointment as another franchisee. It falls under the showcasing blend, which incorporate item, value, advancement, and spot (Judd Justice, 2008). Item perspective would incorporate the brand, quality, and bundling. The value perspective would incorporate financing, item estimating, and potential limits for the item. Advancement incorporates the financial plan, any promoting of the establishment or potentially item, and potential media inclusion. The last bit of the advertising blend, place, would incorporate the area, target showcase, and the channels used to get the item to the client. This equation is something that must be seen totally with the end goal for Ramone to utilize it to further his potential benefit when starting the establishment procedure. Dunkin’ Donuts must affirm the area that the franchisee has chosen. There are likewise some perfect rules that the corporate workplaces have set so as to guarantee the ideal achievement. The land ought to be anyplace from ? to 2 sections of land in size. The structure itself ought to be 1,200 to 2,600 square feet. The area ought to be effectively noticeable to potential clients and have sufficient stopping accessible. These are only a couple of the numerous recommendations that are given to franchisees on the Dunkin’ Donuts diversifying site. Ramone is likewise worried about item advancement and how regularly something new is added to the blend. He is energized at the possibility of having the option to utilize a portion of his imaginative vitality to perhaps make the â€Å"next huge thing†. Ordinarily, this sort of issue is shrouded in the franchisor/franchisee contract or can be tended to during the 6-week preparing program. This is certainly something that Ramone needs to investigate since he is feels so firmly about it. Data Needed Prior to Becoming a DD Franchisee Franchising can be a hazardous business. Dunkin’ Donuts is a broadly known brand, yet even with that going for them there could in any case be issues. There is certainly not a 100% assurance that the business will succeed. The franchisee may go into the undertaking accepting that there is a confirmation of an immense benefit and that may not generally be the situation. Ramone should know about the advantages and the disadvantages of turning into a franchisee for Dunkin’ Donuts. He would likewise need to ensure he comprehended the parts of the franchisor contract, which some of the time incorporates concealed charges and rules that would be the duty of the franchisee. The agreements have severe provisions that would caution even the savviest of legal advisors. As per an article composed on the New York Daily News site, Dunkin’ Donuts has made it regular practice to sue franchisees over the minutest things (http://www. nydailynews. com/ny_local/brooklyn/2008/04/29/2008-04-29_dunkin_donuts_business_practices_have_lo-1. html). Advertising Information Promoting is basic to the beginning up of any new business. It is the manner by which you speak to the business so clients will utilize your administration or purchase your item. Ramone isn't that learned with regards to who his objective market is, the thing that area he ought to decide for his Dunkin’ Donuts establishment, or the parts of the showcasing procedure when all is said in done. There is critical data that Ramone should discover before beginning the diversifying procedure. Initially, Ramone should inquire about business sectors to see precisely who his objective market would be. Would it be 18-multi year olds? Would it be 50-multi year olds? This data is basic in arranging. On the off chance that most of his market is more established, at that point he could offer senior limits on specific days? On the off chance that it was the more youthful age, at that point he could have unrecorded music on Fridays. The data could give an abundance of chances to him and guarantee achievement whenever affirmed by central station. Dunkin’ Donuts offers some data that will help Ramone in the early stage. He would approach statistical surveying, brand the executives, provincial and national publicizing, and expert help varying (https://www. dunkinfranchising. om/aboutus/establishment/establishment profile-demo. html). The Marketing Mix The advertising blend comprises of item, spot, advancement and cost. These 4 parts of showcasing are basic for getting an establishment off the ground and looking great so far. Ramone should concentrate on the nature of the item (s) he will sell. The Dunkin’ Donuts chain pride is known for gi ving top notch items and magnificent client care at a helpful and clean environment (Judd Justice, 2008). The client experience is imperative to any business, however it is a trademark at Dunkin’ Donuts. Ramone will approach development administrators, preparing advisors, and wide cluster of different devices (https://www. dunkinfranchising. com/aboutus/establishment/establishment profile-demo. html). The area that he decides for his establishment must be affirmed by Dunkin’ experts who know about what works and what doesn't. Brand acknowledgment isn't an issue in light of the fact that Dunlin’ Donuts is an easily recognized name and that works in Ramone’s favor. Notwithstanding the fundamental advertising systems utilized by Dunkin’ Donuts, Ramone could make augmentations that would catch the consideration of his objective market. Sites, free Wi-Fi, unrecorded music on the ends of the week, challenges, exceptional limits, and reliability programs are only a couple of thoughts that would work for the establishment. Proposals One issue that Ramone confronted was his absence of information in the showcasing field. He had earlier business experience, however that did excluded advertising. One of the parts of the Dunkin’ Donuts diversifying process is to go to a required, 6-week instructional class at Dunkin’ Donuts University. The preparation program incorporates data about item strategies, bookkeeping, planning, and worker inspiration (Judd Justice, 2008). The author suggests that a brief training in showcasing be given also. Dunkin’ Donuts gives help this through access to showcasing experts, yet it would profit franchisees to have a little foundation in it. Numerous franchisors offer broad preparing for all degrees of workers in the establishment (Justis Chan, 1991). Another basic issue that Ramone is having is the place to begin development on his establishment. The ‘place’ part of the showcasing blend incorporates both physical area and how the item is disseminated, which makes it the most provoking segment to adjust (Schneider Bradish, 2006). Area is a necessary piece of an effective business. On the off chance that a business is out of sight may never make it out. The writer’s proposal is for Ramone to use the expert help offered once turning into a franchisee. It is essential to the accomplishment of the establishment to have the franchisee engaged with each degree of the establishment activity and that incorporates determination of area (Stites, 2008). Item advancement and the ever-developing client experience are likewise high on Ramone’s rundown of issues. He needs to ensure that his endeavor is effective and will keep on being for a long time to come. One central purpose behind Dunkin’ Donuts’ achievement is its capacity to change its battles as considered nec

The Rhetorical Common Sense essays

The Rhetorical Common Sense articles In January of 1776, Thomas Paine composed Common Sense with the expectation of persuading American settler to set up freedom from Britain. Its evident from the style of his leaflet that he needed to persuade the majority in a manner which would make them arrive at the determination that, point of fact, Thomas Paine must be correct. This expository type of composing is clear all through his leaflet and clearly present in the title. By titling his handout Common Sense, he was expressing to every one of his perusers, that it wasnt important for him to clarify why the settlements should isolate from America. It was good judgment that autonomy was inescapable. Paines Common Sense was a handout that addressed a wide range of individuals and gatherings that read it. He addressed the shippers, the follower, the strict dissenter, and all other who may have appeared to be incredulous of supporting a war against Britain. As he composed, he realized his activity was to make his thoughts and significant focuses basic. He likewise need to express them in manners that made individuals think there could be no other method to see things. He begins by separating the foundation of government. He expresses that society is what is acceptable in man while government is what is insidious. Society in each state is a gift, yet government in its best is nevertheless an essential abhorrence; in its most exceedingly awful express a deplorable on. Nonetheless, the primary pages of his leaflet didn't legitimately associated the settlements to his thoughts on society and government. He utilizes an illustration to show the development of society. This is a critical structure on the grounds that, for the peruser, when they have perused a couple of pages and arrived at his association with states, they are now immersed in the possibility of the truth in Paines words. By what method can they not inferred that with such a development of society, that Paine depicted in his story, the separation of Britain and America would before long be to much for the developing co... <!

Conflict of Light vs Dark in Star Wars - Free Essay Example

Star Wars represents a simplistic view of the conflict of light versus dark. The black and white morality with good guys, such as Luke and Leia wearing bright fair colors, while the villains, such as Vader wearing all black, are the first visual color motifs and cues that the Star Wars films rely on (Campbell). Color motifs predate the Star Wars films, however; the white hats versus black hats is one of the basic forms of fictional morality that visual storytellers have used since early Western films (Budd). These are cues that visual storytellers have relied on to trigger an immediate response from the viewer. However, there are other less obvious cinematic cues and techniques that will be examined that also are used to support the black and white morality. Using a scene provided from The Empire Strikes Back, an explanation will be presented of how the theme of conflict of good versus evil is expressed visually through mise en scene, visual structure, sound, lighting and contrast. This will provide an understanding of the ways in which certain visual elements have been arranged and function within the films composition, and present the classic struggle of light versus dark at its most basic level. In the showdown between hero and shadow, Luke is represented as the shining knight of destiny, while Vader is represented as a card-carrying villain. (Henderson) Both characters are contrasted in simplistic opposites in every respect. It is how all the formal elements are edited that ultimately present the classic struggle of good versus evil. Heroes are faced with choices that are either all right or all wrong. The choices and actions presented tell us that there are no real shades of grey.   Lucas decided, early on in his career that the editor was in control. His early influences stressed the importance of cutting to the creation of meaning (Brooker 47). For the climatic sequence between Vader and Luke in Empire, how the scene is presented is just as important as to what is being filmed. For this scene, there is more emphasis on the self-contained sequence of images to create a feeling rather than heavy exposition. We focused a lot on filmic expression, film grammar. I was not into storytelling. I was trying to create emotions though pure cinematic techniques (Brooker 47). A brief shot by shot analysis of those elements will reveal the simplicity of the black and white morality. The Empire Strikes Back is noticeably darker in tone than its predecessor. This is achieved because of the readability of the graphic storytelling, shot flow and low-key lighting.   This climatic showdown scene between Luke and Vader is the heart of The Empire Strikes Back. Luke, inexperienced in the ways of the Force and hopelessly outmatched, fails while confronting one of his most difficult challenges. The lighting, backgrounds, layout, sound, editing and shot sizes all support the story and stage the characters accordingly. The audience is always aware of where to look due to the lighting, the staging of the actors, angles and shot size, which all contribute to help deepen the characters arcs during the shots. In visual mediums such as film, certain human characteristics, angles, and lighting setups are instantly recognizable as being evil, threatening, or dominating. A dramatic low angle looking up toward an imposing figure can heighten the vulnerability of the character who i s at the mercy of the larger figure. A low camera angle makes characters and objects seem tall and powerful. A high camera angle gives the characters a diminished feel (Vineyard 15). Where the camera is stationed, whose point of view is being expressed, the size of the shot, and the distances between the subjects of the scene can all add to the arrangement of those dramatic elements. The scene opens with an establishing extreme wide shot of the interior gantry and then cuts to tighter master shot with the tiny figure of Luke moving around the railing making his way to the control room. The location is established, but the basic relationship between the wide and medium close-up of cuts becomes clear, heightening our sense that Luke is in danger. The viewer is familiar with the contrast of large, over-empowering background environments that swallow the tiny figure of Luke.   Star Wars is overwhelmingly cut according to mainstream Hollywood convention (Brooker 51). The shots are scal ed to the subject matter within the frame, in this case, a tiny Luke and the wide-open vastness of the interior gantry. The gantry is filled with low key lighting, creating a mood of pessimism and menace, heightening the viewers sense of unease. The size of interior of the gantry and Luke relate to one another proportionately. The kinetic effect of the sequences of shots builds an emotion and a feeling of trepidation for the audience (Davies). By varying the shot size between the characters and the size of the characters frame within the shot we instantly have a visual recognition between good and evil. Vaders large exaggerated samurai mass is shot from a low angle looking up. Instantly we cut back to a reverse shot of Luke from high angle looking down.   At this stage Luke cannot win through sheer physical power or skills (Henderson 87). After Luke enters the control room, we immediately hear the sound of a lightsaber before we glimpse the source of the sound, which is Vaders weapon. Vader then quickly lunges toward Luke. Here, a sound cut contributes and becomes a main motivator of fear heightening the viewers sense of unease, adding to the atmosphere.   The lightsaber sound is heard before the cut is made, signaling the threat before we see it. We can also see, in Star Wars, the continuation of Lucass earliest experiment with sound layering (Brooker 59). It becomes an integral element to creating an atmosphere of danger (Henderson). The wind, the lightsabers, and Vaders breathing all create an unbalanced framing of ideas, and the low-key lighting and fast movement contribute to the threat. Lucas had Ben Burt create a collage of familiar sounds in new combinations, that like pieced-together props and scuffed costumes, gives the sense of dropping on a convincing, fully operational universe (Brooker 60). Vaders menace is eminent. Luke is lit by the low-key lighting, while Vaders dark silhouette, appearing like a demon, attacks Luke. The contrast between light and dark in the cinematography reflects the difference between the villain and the protagonist. Quickly, we cut to a montage using close up lenses and tight framing shots which produce a claustrophobic feeling of terror, pessimism, menace, and anxiety. The use of wide angle lenses would not provide the feeling of anxiety that is created here through the use of tight framing (Davies). As Vader forces Luke back toward the gantry we cut to a low angle reverse sho t. This expresses Vaders dominating dynamic advantage. These angles put the characters in an adversarial relationship. Vader forces Luke backward and the focal length of the lens is increased and focused on the foreground framing the subject, Luke. Luke is beaten. The dismemberment of the hero or god is another archetypical occurrence in ancient myths (Henderson 87). This shot emphasizes Vader as the dominant background figure who has taken part of the flesh of the hero, Lukes hand. Because the eye is drawn to the highest area of contrast, lighting is also used, much like in theater, to spotlight area of contrasts and pull the eye in the composition of each shot. The best use of spotlighting in the shots is to support the drama. Luke is in danger during the beginning of the sequence and the low-key lighting and deep shadows create a visually darker tone that heightens our sense of unease. After Luke nicks Vaders shoulder, Vaders armor shoots sparks and smoke, followed up with a sequence of shots consisting of only faceless dark figures fighting (Davies ) The intensity is increased through the use of silhouettes with only streaks of rim lighting to define the forms. The flashes from the lightsabers and sparks define Luke and Vader to create a dark and dramatic scene. Rim lighting causes the audience to see less, but imagine more. Rim lit shadows are usually associated with suspense and drama and add interest for the viewer.   Vaders overpowering shape as he war ns Luke you are beaten puts him in a privileged position because we can see what Luke cannot. As Vader follows a fallen Luke, the wind subsides and there is nowhere for Luke to go to. Vader has not been able not able dominate Luke, so he now tries to seduce him (Henderson 88) The audience is completely aware of the emotional state of the characters as they are clearly defined through the use of the lighting and the various mis en scene tools. Vader is tempting Luke to the dark side. The lighting cast upon them is used to exploit this theme and accentuates the emotion. Monochromatic rim lighting frames Luke and Vader in a way that supports the story. Empire is shot in similar fashion to film noir or a Gustuv Dore painting, who used value and dramatic spotlights to illuminate certain parts of a composition in order to emphasize key archetypical patterns (Polson). The biggest difference with illustrations is that the viewers have more time to spend with an illustration as opposed to fi lm in which case the viewer has only seconds with the image. Contrast is another important element that can be used in order for the emotion to be read quickly. Contrast in design, just like contrast of lighting, is extremely important (Polson). Contrast can make things seem more exaggerated than they are. For example, in an illustration, if an artist wishes to make something feel cool in the picture they may add a warm color to the image. If an artist wishes for something to feel soft like snow, then then he or she may add a jagged mountain in the background. Luke and Vader are contrasts by design. In order for Vader to feel imposing, dark, and powerful to the viewer, the filmmaker may contrast those attributes with Luke by making him look smaller and lighter in complexion.   The obvious idea is that one object or person is large while the other is smaller. The shot size or the size of the objects within the shot reflect this idea, as discussed in the previous paragraph.   Filmmakers and storytellers break the universe down into simple sy mbols to help communicate the themes.   Vaders physical appearance, with a large black flowing cape, faceless mask and helmet (inspired of the Japanese Samurai) creates a classic demon or animal like appearance (Vogler). Lukes appearance is fair, he has blonde hair and his costuming is white and dirty yellow. Vaders appearance was described by Lucas to artist Ralph McQuarrie as looking like a dark lord riding the wind (Henderson 88). In conclusion, while Star Wars represents a simplistic view of the conflict of light versus dark, the black and white morality with good guys, the verisimilitude or believability of the films is due in part to the way which certain visual elements have been arranged and function within the films composition.

The Horror Genre in Stories of Stevenson and Greene Essay

The Horror Genre in Stories of Stevenson and Greene R.L Stevensons The Body-Snatcher and Graham Greenes The End Of The party are both short stories that are a part of the horror genre, despite differing in many ways. Throughout this essay, I am going to compare the differences and the similarities between the two horror stories. I will assess the way the writers use certain aspects that are part of the horror genre to make their story have an impact on the reader and have the ability to captivate their reader and keep them engrossed in the story. I will be focusing on specific areas within each story including, setting, structure, atmosphere, suspense, endings and also the different types†¦show more content†¦The use of isolated areas can be associated with sinister goings on and can add again to the readers uneasiness and fear. Also innocent victims can make the reader feel scared and more vulnerable, as it demonstrates that bad things can happen to anyone. Twists in horror stories are very common and both these horror stori es contain different twists that can shock the reader. The Body-Snatcher is a more typical horror story containing many of these things that I have mentioned. On the other hand, The End Of The Party differs to The Body-Snatcher, with it being more to do with the mind and appearing quite everyday, and not containing as many of the typical horror components. But both The Body-Snatcher and The End Of The Party can be placed in the horror genre as they contain the vital components that make a good horror story. The Body-Snatcher is quite self-explanatory in the title and is about body snatching. It begins in the small parlour of the George at Debenham where we meet the main character, Fettes. Fettes has an encounter with someone from his past - Macfarlane, who he is obviously not pleased to see for reasons unknown to the reader at this stage. At the mention of Macfarlanes name Fettes became instantly sober, this immediately tells the reader of something that has gone on in the past that may have been unpleasant toShow MoreRelated Horror Stories by Stevenson and Greene Essay2672 Words   |  11 PagesHorror Stories by Stevenson and Greene Horror stories are an excellent traditional genre. This genre has been around for almost as long as stories have been told. In this generation there is not much that can really scare us, but what does actually make a good horror story? Horror stories need to have a good and intimidating storyline, it needs to play on peoples fears, it also needs to give its audience a real thrill and send chills down their spines. The horror story may be based

Cigarette Smoking Effects on Prenatal Development Essay

A teratogen is defined as, â€Å"any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes† (Santrock, 2013, p. 82). According to the Baby Center website, cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 teratogens that can affect prenatal development (Woolston, 1997-2014). Cigarettes are the most common nonmedical drug used during pregnancy (Key, et al., 2007, p. 623). A fetus is dependent on its mother for all of its nutrients needed to grow properly. When the mother chooses to smoke cigarettes, the fetus is starved of both oxygen and nutrients. Several studies have been done showing that this effect on prenatal development can have consequences extending beyond the womb. The first two trimesters of†¦show more content†¦616). Prenatal central nervous system impairment secondary to the mother smoking, has an apparent effect on a newborn infant’s capability to babble and form syllables (Key, et al., 2007). Once a baby is born, it almost immediately begins making sounds that may pose as no significant relevance. As the brain matures, sounds become syllables, and syllables become a babble. When the head circumference is impaired during prenatal development, the temporal lobe (which is responsible for hearing, speech, and memory) is also restricted (Santrock, 2013, p. 112). A group of researchers selected 16 neonates (8 from non-smoking mothers and 8 from smoking mothers) from a Midwestern hospital and compared the two groups’ speech processing ability (Key, et al., 2007, p. 624). The results were very different. When provided with a stimulus, babies of non-smokers were able to distinguish both vowel and consonant sounds within 150 milliseconds. On the contrary, babies of smokers distinguished fe wer vowel and consonant sounds after 150 milliseconds (Key, et al., 2007, p. 627). This delay in speech stays with the neonate and interferes with future language-processing abilities. Researchers tie this into a child’s attention span and learning disabilities (Key, et al., 2007,Show MoreRelated Tobacco Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagesthat has powerful effects on the human body, especially when administered rapidly or at high doses. Prenatal exposure to nicotine is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including altered neural structure and functioning, cognitive deficits, and behavior problems in the offspring (9). At least 20% - 30% of pregnant women are estimated to smoke cigarettes, although smoking is associated with low birth weight, prematurity and infant mortality. In the United States, smoking accounts annuallyRead MorePrenatal Development : A Fragile Phase Of Fetal Development1558 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal development is a very fragile phase of fetal development that can be affect by environmental factors and maternal factors. Prenatal development is the process in which a human fetus develops during pregnancy. The development of a new life is an exciting time for most people and this essay will discuss the process in which that new life is created. It will also discuss the things that could be harmful to the development of that new life during its prenatal development term such as environmentalRead MoreThe Use Of Tobacco Products During Pregnancy1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of tobacco products during pregnancy has influenced the outcomes of infants’ birth in multiple ways. Maternal smoking during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and decreases gestational age thus, increasing several risk factors in the neonatal population. These risk factors are low birth weight (LBW), and premature birth. There is a strong correlation between both risk factors as it relates to neonatal long-term morbidity and also mortality. Infant s who are born preterm accounts for a largeRead More Cigarette Smoking Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pages Cigarette Smoking The effects of cigarette smoking can be horrifying. Smoking is dangerous not only to those who smoke, but to non-smokers and unborn children as well. Cigarette smoking is also physically and socially harming. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The large particles in cigarette smoke, commonly known as â€Å"tar†, collect in the branching points of the lungs. The tar contains carcinogenic compounds that increase the risk of lung cancer. The small particles in cigarette smoke, including carcinogensRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Tobacco Exposure On An Infant s Regulatory Processes During The First Month Of Their Lives1204 Words   |  5 PagesPrenatal Tobacco Exposure Introduction The authors wanted to explain the consequences of prenatal tobacco exposure on an infant’s regulatory processes during the first month of their lives. They wanted to see tobacco’s effect on self-regulatory behavior. Previous research displays vast implications regarding the effect of tobacco on neonates. Some effects of prenatal tobacco exposure include, low birth weight, reduction in body length and head size, greater risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivityRead MorePrenatal Case Study : Prenatal Therapy1590 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal Case Study According to the information given by SuperTracker regarding Pam’s diet, she is clearly deficient in vitamins and minerals that are essential during pregnancy. These vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in fetal development and keeping her weight within healthy ranges. A few adjustments to Pam’s lifestyle could go a long way in transforming her body into an ideal one for childbearing. Pam’s diet and nutritional concerns The immediate concern that arises when analyzing Pam’sRead MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal development, also known as antenatal development, is the process of the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. While the hazardsRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Nicotine1500 Words   |  6 Pagesprimary pharmacological agent of addiction in cigarettes, triggers powerful physical and psychological reactions in species as diverse as cockroaches and humans. Nicotine has been proven to boost concentration, improve memory and control body weight, as well as alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimers and Parkinsons Disease sufferers. However, research has also established that nicotine adversely affects babies in utero and may explain the link between smoking and problems such as Sudden Infant DeathRead MoreNegative Effects of Smoking on Human Health and the Economy1475 Words   |  6 Pages Moreover, smoking particularly adversely affects womens reproductive health, and smoke exposure on children has had detrimental and some sometimes fatal effects on children. Many studies have examined and outlined the adverse effects of maternal smoking on both the mother as well as on the baby and/or infant ( Hofhuis, de Jongste, Merkus, 2003 Woolbright 1994). Many states such as Alabama required documentation on birth certificates of tobacco use of mothers (Woolbright, 1994). Despite theRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Reproductive Health1376 Words   |  6 PagesAny agent that disrupts embryo development or fetal development is known as Teratogens. Teratogens can stop the pregnancy outright, or in cases of full term pregnancies, cause birth defects to the child. Some categories of teratogens are environmental and subjective teratogens. Environmental teratogens relate to environmental factors that cause birth defects or termination of a pregnancy. Subjective teratogens are substances in which the mother consumes that cause defects to the child or also termination

Using Information From Websites, As It Will Give Me...

1.0 Methods For this report, I will mainly use information from websites, as it will give me information about anti-bribery policies. I will also use a website called Harvard reference to give the reader an easier understanding on what I will be reporting on. I will use BBC website as well to know the recent bribery act that has lately happened to an organisation and what anti-bribery does to other organisation. 2.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to know more about, the meaning of anti-bribery and what the policy intends to achieve on an organisation that I have chosen. By doing research on recently published journal articles, newspapers and internet sites on the topic about anti-bribery, this report will describes, what the policies intends to do and the employees that will be affected with the policies. Anti-bribery helps the operations of one organisation to detect or prevent the corruption inside one organisation. 3.0 How to prevent bribery? The most effective way to prevent bribery is to have an anti-corruption program, this is important to a big organisation. This will enforce some of the actions and will change the penalties to bribery to an organisation. Year 2011 UK Bribery Act of 2010 leads many organisations to re-evaluate their anti-corruption program, even do companies that have general policies and procedures to comply with the UK Bribery Act [Kenneth Clarke. (2011)]. This Act not only covers bribery of UK government officials but it also coverShow MoreRelatedEthical Companies12021 Words   |  49 Pages2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies The Ethisphere Institute, a leading international think-tank dedicated to the creation, advancement and sharing of best practices in business ethics, corporate social responsibility, anti-corruption and sustainability, announced the official unveiling of the 2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies. 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Fundamentals for Chemistry-Quantitative Measurements

1 Lab Assignment #5 Write-Up 2 General Info: Name: Date: Purpose: Of Exp #5: In this experiment we will learn about the spectroscope and how it works. To learn the concept of quantitative measurements, to construct a spectroscope and, to use it for taking quantitative measurements. Experimental Questions: Please complete this section of your write-up as you work on the experimental portion of this lab. 1. Hold the grating several inches from your face, at an angle. Look at the grating that you will be using. Describe what you see at the grating surface. I see different color of the rainbow and when I change the angle that am holding the diffraction grating Hold the grating up to your eye and look through it.†¦show more content†¦How many spaces from the center of violet line to center of green line? 2 spaces. How many spaces from the center of violet line to center of yellow line? 3 spaces. 4. Finding the nm/space for your spectroscope: = difference in wavelength /# of spaces between two lines Using the violet and green lines: =(538nm-436nm)/( 2 ) = 50 nm/space (value#1) Using the violet and yellow lines: =(580nm-436nm)/( 3 ) = 48 nm/space (value#2) Average nm/space: = (Value #1 +Value #2)/2 = (50+48)/2 = 49 nm/space Agreement of the two values: % difference = 100 x |value 1 – value 2|/(average value) = 100 x | 50 - 48 |/( 49 ) =4.1% is this value 10%__Yes_.( go through calibration process until you can say â€Å"yes.†) Your spectroscope is now calibrated. Do not move the light rod – tape in place with clear tape if you have not yet done so. In event that light rod moves, place reference mark in center of violet line, and re-secure light rod. Questions and Conclusions: Now that you better understand the functioning of a spectroscope, answer the following questions. 1. What is white light? White light is mixture of all color in spectra. 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Look at the grating thatRead MoreAnalytical Chemistri Intro1796 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical Chemistry I 1 Course Outlines ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" LU1 :Analytical Chemistry Overview LU2: Measurements and Data Treatment LU3: Stoichiometric Calculations LU4: General Concepts of Chemical Equilibrium LU5: Gravimetric Methods LU6: Acid-Base Equilibria LU7: Acid-base titrations LU8: Analytical Separations Course Assessment Laboratory reports (15%) ï‚â€" Assignments (15%) ï‚â€" MidTerm Examination (30%) ï‚â€" Final Examination (40%) ï‚â€" 3 References 1. Christian, G.D. (2003)Read MoreThe History of Chemistry Up to the XIX Century Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of chemistry encompasses a span of time reaching from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, ancient civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. 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The first method is Qualitative analysis which can be made by investigating the wavelengths of the fluorescence X-rays and the other method is quantitative analysis by

Implicit Concerns For The Legalization Of The Organ Sale

Implicit Concerns for the Legalization of the Organ Sale With the increasing need of organs for medical treatment, illegal organ black markets have become more rampant. Under such circumstances, the public debate over whether the government should legalize the sale of living human organs is fiercer. In Joanna MacKay’s essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives, she states that the government should legalize the sale of organs, since the legalization would benefit both the sellers and the buyers. Moreover, to show the potential benefits for the sellers, MacKay provides and analyzes gains from different aspects that sellers may make if the organ sale were legalized. However, what MacKay has shown is still not the whole picture. By simplifying the problems, MacKay overstates the monetary compensation for the organ sale and underestimates the possible role of exploitation, risks to organ sellers and other ethical questions. As a result, the sellers would not benefit as much as she states, and her argument about the bilateral reciprocal consequen ces for both organ sellers and buyers after legalization would be incomplete. To begin with, although MacKay discusses several factors like regulations and middleman which may influence the monetary compensation for sellers, she does not take into account the law of supply and demand. The ignorance of this economic factor may lead to her overestimation of compensation gains. MacKay mentions that because legalization could allow the government toShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesphilosophy of the text’s exercises and examples. Advanced Placement Statistics We have designed this book with a particular eye toward the syllabus of the Advanced Placement Statistics course and the needs of high school teachers and students. Concerns expressed and questions asked in teacher workshops and on the AP Statistics Electronic Discussion Group have strongly inï ¬â€šuenced our exposition of certain topics, especially in the area of experimental design and probability. We have taken great care

Pressure on Student Athletes free essay sample

A 57, Junior in high school, taking three AP classes, class president, all league soccer player, who is hospitalized due to high blood pressure and seizures. The senior quarterback, with tons of friends, granted a full ride scholarship to USC, and has to decline and quit football because of four Fs in his classes. A sophomore basketball player, whos already being scouted by Division 1 schools, taking six challenging classes, and on crutches for the whole season because she continued to play basketball with a twisted ankle and an injured knee. How can such a frightening situation be taking place in these young adults lives? This awful and increasingly problematic scene is happening all over the world, all for the same reasons (Bowen). With social stress, the desire to be popular, academic pressure with the hopes of going to a four year university, and the difficult transition into adulthood, young student athletes must also balance the complicated challenge to be the best in their specialized sport, deal with unnerving parents and coaches, and the constant fear of failing, and some cannot handle it all (Mansfield). We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure on Student Athletes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Playing sports three seasons per year can bring a lot of physical and mental stress, specially between balancing teachers, parents and coaches. Maintaining a 4. 0 and staying active on a sports team often leads to late nights and a lot of pressure on my body, and a big struggle to push through it all! says Emma Stanfield, a sophomore at Sonoma Valley High who plays varsity volleyball, JV basketball, and varsity track, while also taking two AP classes. The older an athlete becomes, the more pressure is put on them to succeed and the less time they have to learn new material and thrive. From a very young age, parents put extreme amounts of stress on their children to strive and outplay their competitors (Remmer). There have been a colossal amount of incidents witnessed of a parent screaming at their young and inexperienced child because they are not shooting the correct way, running fast enough, or giving 110%. Frank Smoll, a professor of sports psychology calls this: Frustrated Jock Syndrome. Frustrated Jock Syndrome is when parents live through their own childs triumphs to reminisce on the glory years of their own sport or to remember what success and the competitive energy feels like, but usually results in damaging the parent-child relationship (Remmer). Some children have formed a need-to-please connection with heir parents, which could conclude in more severe problems later in life. In addition to the parents who are sitting in the bleachers, young athletes also must deal with their own coaches pushing them. There is a fine line between having a skillful and kindhearted coach who wants his/her players to play their best, and a coach who has an only winning will be acceptable attitude and cares more about a trophy than the players. Coaches and parents are the two main people a player should be able to go to for advice, help, and any problems, but if that bond is broken, the young athlete is on the road of no return. By age thirteen, 70% of young athletes will quit their specialized sports, with the top three reasons being adults, coaches, and parents (Weisenberger). Another deciding factor that an athlete faces is other players, whether it be competing against ones own team to be number one, or going head-to- players to push harder and harder to be the best, which is why 62% of sports-related injuries take place at practice (Weisenberger). Despite all of these pressure-filled people in an athletes life, one of the most intimidating and nerveracking stages of an athletes career is college and scholarships. Depending on the age and skill-level of the player, full-ride athletic scholarships become more of a reality everyday (Mansfield). The frightening truth is that only 2% of high school athletes get full-ride athletic scholarships every year, which many players fail to recognize (7-Athletic Scholarships). With the potential of being recruited toa Division 1 team and attending a four-year university, some student athletes have difficulties deciding which subject to focus on: their sport, which they need to be excellent at to be given a scholarship, or schoolwork, working hard to achieve the necessary GPA to be llowed into a good, academic college. Get up. Eat. Go to school. Go to practice. Go home. Do homework. Eat. Sleep. Repeat. With playing sports all year round, it never ends, and student athletes are all very familiar with the word stress, quotes Sami Von Gober, a three-sport superstar with a superb grade point average, who knows firsthand the difficulties of dealing with everything a teenage athlete has to handle. Although athletics and staying active are necessary in certain childrens lives, overdoing sports and exercise can lead to serious complications. Many athletes have heard it before; School comes first, Homework before sports, and If you are too stressed out, you can miss a practice. But with the threat of missing a game if one misses a practice, or extra conditioning drills if a player is late, many young athletes would choose to dismiss a homework assignment rather than miss an extra hour of athletic coaching to help them excel in their sport. Student athletes have a loss of focus in classes due to thinking about their sport. Will they start the next game? How does that one play go agai n? Is practice going to be hard tonight? These are the kinds of questions running through n athletes head while they should be focusing on math equations or science vocabulary. Another problem that is increasing in young athletes is sleep deprivation, which can be hazardous to a childs health, ability to play their sport correctly, and attentiveness in class. Lack of sleep can lead to hallucinations, paranoia, and disorientation, to name a few (Mansfield). The minimum sleep required in young adults is seven and-a-half to eight and-a-half hours, but according to a research done by Dr. Maas, an international consultant on sleep for over four decades and a teacher t Cornell University, high school athletes are getting only five to six hours of sleep per night. Although they may not show immediate signs of health concern, athletes may start exhibiting drowsiness, quick irritability, anxiety, depression, or weight gain/ loss (Pavlov). Studies have shown that stress alone can result in asthma, heart problems, obesity, diabetes, depression, gastrointestinal problems, and accelerated aging. But even if a student athlete is getting eight hours of sleep, eats a healthy, balanced diet, and claims to feel no stress or pressure, there is still a one-fourth hance they could wind up in the ER with a broken or fractured bone, overstressed muscle, or worse. More than 3. 5 million kids between five and fourteen receive medical attention for sports injuries every year, and over 300,000 high school athletes day, and one to two games per week, and repetitive motion of bones and muscles is correlated with sports injury. Although stretching, good gear (shoes, ankle braces, etc. ), and being careful are all preventative measures, injury is always a possibility. Many people recognize the demands placed on student athletes and offer a ariety of choices that can lower the pressure and reduce stress put on them and their bodies. One option a young athlete has that might help reduce stress level is talking to his/her mom, dad, or coach especially if they have Frustrated Jock Syndrome. The athlete could also visit a therapist to discuss what they are feeling during school, sports, and their home and social life. More drastic measures a student athlete could take are switching into less complicated classes where there is less homework, focusing on one, maybe two, sports if an athlete is participating in hree or more competitive sports, or even taking a leave of absence from their designated sport to give the student time to adjust. But not all young athletes have over-bearing parents, three AP classes, and a hard-to-manage body; many students put pressure on themselves, with doing anything to be popular at school, feeling out of place in their own skin, and mentally beating themselves up with every missed shot, turnover, or dropped catch. Although these specific kids might not be struggling with deranged parents or coaches or have daunting classes, they still deserve ttention and help for their struggles. Young athletes have more and more pressure layered on with every intense game, different technique they must master, and the need for college scholarships

Laws Of War Essay Example For Students

Laws Of War Essay The term laws of war refers to the rules governing the actual conduct of armed conflict. This idea that there actually exists rules that govern war is a difficult concept to understand. The simple act of war in and of itself seems to be in violation of an almost universal law prohibiting one human being from killing another. But during times of war murder of the enemy is allowed, which leads one to the question, if murder is permissible then what possible laws of war could there be? The answer to this question can be found in the Charter established at the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo:Crimes against Humanity: namely, murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the co untry where perpetrated. Leaders, organizers, instigators, and accomplices participating in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing crimes are responsible for all acts performed by any persons in execution of such plan.1 The above excerpt comes form the Charter of the Tribunal Article 6 section C, which makes it quite clear that in general the laws of war are there to protect innocent civilians before and during war. It seems to be a fair idea to have such rules governing armed conflictin order to protect the civilians in the general location of such aconflict. But, when the conflict is over, and if war crimes have been committed, how then are criminals of war brought to justice? TheInternational Military Tribunals held after World War II in Nuremberg on 20 November 1945 and in Tokyo on 3 May 1946 are excellent examples of how such crimes of war are dealt with. (Roberts and Guelff 153-54) But, rather than elaborate on exact details of the Tribunals of Nuremberg and Tokyo a more important matter must be dealt with. What happens when alleged criminals of war are unable to be apprehended and justly tried? Are they forgotten about, or are they sought after such as other criminals are in order to serve justice? What happens if these alleged violators are found residing somewhere other than where their pursuers want to bring them to justice? How does one go about legally obtaining the custody of one su ch suspect? Some of the answers to these questions can be found in an analysis of how Israel went about obtaining the custody of individuals that it thought to be guilty of Nazi War Crimes. Not only will one find some of the answers to the previously stated questions, but also one will gain an understandingof one facet of international law and how it works. Two cases in specific will be dealt with here. First, the extradition of Adolf Eichmann from Argentina, and second, the extradition of John Demjanjuk from the United States of America. These cases demonstrate two very different ways that Israel went about obtaining the custody of these alleged criminals. The cases also expose the intricacy of International Law in matters of extradition. But, before we begin to examine each of these cases we must first establish Israels right to judicial processing of alleged Nazi war criminals. To understand the complications involved in Israel placing suspectedNazi war criminals on trial, lets review the history of Israels situation. During World War II the Nazis were persecuting Jews in their concentration camps. At this time the state of Israel did not exist. The ending of the war meant the ending of the persecution, and when the other countries discovered what the Nazis had done Military Tribunals quickly followed. Some of the accused war criminals were tried and sentenced, but others managed to escape judgement and thus became fugitives running from international law. Israel became a state, and thus, some of the Jews that survived the concentration camps moved to the state largely populated by people of Jewish ancestry. Israel felt a moral commitment because of its large Jewish population and set about searching for the fugitive Nazi war criminals. The situation just described is only a basic overview of whathappened. The state of Israel views itself as the nation with the greatest moral jurisdiction for the trial of Nazi war criminals, and other states around the Globe agree with Israels claim. (Lubet and Reed 1) Former Israeli Attorney General Gideon Hausner was interested in confirming Israel as the place for bringing to justice all those suspected of genocide of Jews. Hausner sought to confirm Israels status by proposing to the United States that they extradite Bishop Valerian Trifa to Israel for trial as a war criminal. Israel was reluctant to support Hausners proposal, which resulted in delaying the extradition process and thus gave Trifa the time needed to find a country willing to give him residency. Portugal granted Trifa residency and thus Hausners proposal was in vain. Israel, sometime after losing their opportunity of obtaining Trifa,decided that Hausners idea of establishing Israel as the place to bring Nazi war criminals to trial was a good one, which lead them to seek the extradition of John Demjanjuk from the United States. The Wall Street Journal reported:Israels request for the extradition of a suspected Nazi war criminal living in the U.S. . . appears to be a test case that could determine whether Israel pursues other suspects . . . The decision to seek the extradition of Mr. Demjanjuk follows months of negotiations between U.S. and Israel officials about specific cases and the broader question of whether Israel wanted to go through with extraditions requests . . . Gideon Hausner, who prosecuted Eichmann, said Israels decision to ask the U.S. to extradite Nazis for trial is an important step. This creates the opportunity for at least tacit admission of Israels special position with regard to crimes against Jews anywhere in the world, he sa ys.2After much negotiations the United States arrested Demjanjuk in November of 1983. On April 15, 1985 United States District Judge Frank Battisti ruled in favor of Demjanjuks extradition. After the Sixth Court of Appeals affirmed Battistis ruling and the Supreme Court denied Demjanjuks petition for certiorari, Demjanjuk arrived in Israel on February 27, 1986. (Lubet and Reed 3) It would appear, from what has been presented, that the extradition process is simple. But this conclusion is not correct because there are a few issues that make extradition problematic. One such issue that complicates the process of extradition is that of identification and proof. Leading Nazi war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann and Klaus Barbieoffer no real dispute in the matter of identification, but war criminals that were not so prominent leave room to question whether they truly are who they are accused of being. The type of criminal cases that most of us are familiar with are those that attempt to prove whether a defendant committed a particular act or acts. Extradition cases involve two distinct questions:1) The prosecution must prove that the defendant is actually the personsought by the requesting country. The Giver EssayArgentina went on further to argue that Israels note expressing their regret in the matter of Eichmanns removal can be viewed as an apology, which constitutes an admission of guilt. The phrasing of the note of regret sent by Israel is embedded clearly with conditional terms, which makes it difficult, if not impossible, to derive an admission of guilt from it. At no time in the note does Israel praise or approve the volunteer group actions, and neither does Israel try to justify what was done. If anything can clearly be derived from the note it is that Israel in fact does regret the actions of the volunteer group, and possibly even condemns their behavior. But, Argentinas claim that the note is an admission of guilt is hardly an argument worth pursuing. Argentinas strongest argument against the abduction of Eichmann is that Israel chose to detain Eichmann after he had been captured. Argentina claimed that even though the abduction of Eichmann was an act committed by private citizens, the Israeli Governments decision to detain and try Eichmann made them an accessory. This point is Argentinas strongest argument because it is known that the jurisdiction of the court reaches only as far as the borders of the state of which it is in. If the court had no jurisdiction in the nation of the original seizure, then by what right does that court have to detain and try the accused? The only problem with Argentinas final argument on the Eichmann abduction is that proof of forcible seizure or arrest must be presented. Since the abductors were acting of their own free will it is doubtful that they arrested Eichmann in the name of Israel. It is, however, quite possible that the abductors used some force in the removal of Eichmann, but again, use of force must be proved to give validity to Argentinas final argument. Argentina filed a complaint with the United Nations Security Council under Article 33 claiming that Israel violated international law, which created an atmosphere of insecurity and distrust jeopardizing the preservation of international peace. (Silving 312) After the presentation of arguments and debates before the Security Council the follow declarations were made:violation of the sovereignty of a Member State is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations; repetition of acts such as that giving rise to this situation would involve a breach of the principles upon which international order is founded creating an atmosphere of insecurity and distrust incompatible with the preservation of peace. The adjudicative part of the resolution. 1. Declares that acts such as that under considerations, which affect the sovereignty of a Member State and therefore cause international friction, may, if repeated, endanger international peace and security;2. Requests the Government of Israel to make appropriate reparation inaccordance with the Charter of the United Nations and rules ofinternational law.12 The important part of the resolutions that the United Nations reached is the phrase if repeated. It is almost as if the United Nations said, this time we will let the infringement go, but next we will take action. Considering the unique character of the crimes attributed to Eichmann, and since such crimes are, for the most part, universally condemned, Israels breach of international law seems to have been tolerated. It is quite possible that had the person who was removed been someone other than Eichmann the result of the United Nations Security Council would have been much different. The two cases of extradition expose the complexities of international law. In the case of Demjanjuk, Israel went about the extradition process in the correct manner, which resulted in the issues of identification and probable cause, requirement of criminality, extraterritoriality, and extratemporality. When Israel went about obtaining Adolf Eichmann the issues dealt with were ones resulting from the method of Eichmanns apprehension. Eichmanns removal from Argentina brought to light the issue of violation of a countrys sovereignty. In both cases because the accused were being charged with Nazi war crimes, specifically genocide, there cases seem to get a little leeway and are not dealt with as extremely as other cases might be. Nevertheless, their cases demonstrate how one goes about bringing to justice those charged with violating the laws of war. FOOTNOTES1 Roberts, Adam, and Richard Guelff, ed. Documents of the Laws ofWar. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.) 155. 2 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 3. 3 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 15. 4 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 15. 5 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 18. 6 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 18. 7 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 20. 8 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 23. 9 Lubert, Steven, and Jan Stern Reed. Extradition of Nazis fromthe United States to Israel: A Survey of Issues inTransnational Criminal Law. Stanford Journal ofInternational Law. 23 (1986): 23. 10 Silving, Helen. In Re Eichmann: A Dilemma of Law and MoralityThe American Journal of International Law 55 (1961):311. 11 Silving, Helen. In Re Eichmann: A Dilemma of Law and MoralityThe American Journal of International Law 55 (1961):318. 12 Silving, Helen. In Re Eichmann: A Dilemma of Law and MoralityThe American Journal of International Law 55 (1961):313. Political Issues Essays

General Philosophy towards instruction of English Essays - Education

General Philosophy towards instruction of English Learners. Ethel I Baker Elementary lies within the Sacramento City Unified School District. While the schools website does not offer a philosophy statement the Sacramento City Unified School District website lists a Learner Master Plan. The plan claims: "To provide the district and the schools with a clear statement of policies related to the development, implementation, and evaluation of English learner programs and services;" "To provide specific procedural guidelines for the identification, assessment, and placement of students; reclassification of students; notification and involvement of parents;" "the formation and functioning of the District English Learner Advisory Committee and site English Learner Advisory Committee; the annual evaluation of English learner programs; and the use of state and federal funds for EL programs and services; "In addition to aligning policies and procedures with current state and federal mandates, the district has created an "EL Electronic Toolbox," in which schools will find a variety of forms and other documents that were previously included as part of the district's EL Master Plan." Assessment of the English Learners/ Re-designation criteria of English Learners . At Ethel Baker Elementary all students who enter the school are administered the CELDT, the California English Language Development Test, to gauge their proficiency with English. They administer this test within the students first 6 days of instruction if the student's home language is one other than English and the test is re-administered every year until the child tests as "proficient" in English and moves beyond the "beginner" in English level. I could not find any information about the school's particular re-classification policies but I was able to confirm that they adhire strictly to the distrits policy of re-classification which is stated on their website: "Reclassification is the process that determines whether an English learner should be reclassified as Fluent English Proficient (R-FEP). Reclassification relies on evidence demonstrating that the student has achieved a level of English proficiency comparable to that of average native speakers of English in the district and is achieving and sustaining a level of academic achievement with students whose native language is English. District reclassification policies and procedures are aligned with California Department of Education guidelines." Number of English Learners in the district by language? SCUSD's demographics by language are as follows for EL students: 61% - Spanish 14.63% - Mong 6.10% - Cantonese 2.65% - Marshallese 2.61% - Vietnamese 2.06% - Russian 1.53% - Mandarin 1.18% - Other Non-English languages What instructional programs do they provide? The schools main method of instruction for EL students is Structured English Immersion Ethel Baker Elementary offers specialized instruction for their EL students that is provided by Mrs. Orvidal, the spouse of a faculty member at the school, she is a bilingual instructional aide who is fluent in English and Spanish. This is a full time faculty member who services any and all of the schools EL students. School or classroom organization to facilitate such differentiation. Mr. Saechou is one example of an instructor using student placement and seating arrangement to help organize his classroom in a way that benefits his EL students as well as himself. He placed his EL student in need of the most help with English next to a student who is proficient in both English and Spanish and performing at grade level in English. By having a friend nearby to help translate or clear up any confusion the students can work together Mr. Saechou himself has stated the negative aspects of this strategy and made it a point to not ground ALL of his EL students together and to not let these two students in particular keep each other from completing work. The desks in his classroom are formed into little clusters of 5 or 6, the cluster closest to his desk at the front of the classroom is where his student in need of the most help with English sits. This allows him to monitor her more closely and also offer little bits of help when he can. He also has a Spanish-Engilsh dictionary on hand for "emergency situations." In addition, Mr. Saechou makes use of visual aides as often as he can, he engages the entire class in discussions instead of singling out a student or a cluster of desks, he asks students to

A Modern Look at the Plague of Athens

A Modern Look at the Plague of Athens The plague of Athens took place between the years 430-426 BC, at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. The plague killed an estimated 300,000 people, among which was the Greek statesman Pericles. It is said to have caused the death of one in every three people in Athens, and it is widely believed to have contributed to the decline and fall of classical Greece. The Greek historian Thucydides was infected by the disease but survived it; he reported that plague symptoms included high fever, blistered skin, bilious vomiting, intestinal ulcerations, and diarrhea. He also said that birds and animals which preyed on the animals were affected and that doctors were among the most affected by it. The Disease That Caused the Plague Despite Thucydides detailed descriptions, until recently scholars have been unable to come to a consensus of which disease (or diseases) caused the Plague of Athens. Molecular investigations published in 2006 (Papagrigorakis et al.) have pinpointed typhus or typhus with a combination of other diseases. Ancient writers speculating on the cause of plagues included the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen, who believed a miasmic corruption of the air arising from swamps affected the people. Galen said that contact with the putrid exhalations of the infected was quite dangerous. More recent scholars have suggested that the Athens plague arose from bubonic plague, lassa fever, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, measles, typhoid, smallpox, toxic-shock syndrome-complicated influenza, or ebola fever.​ Kerameikos Mass Burial One problem modern scientists have had identifying the cause of the Athens plague is that classical Greek people cremated their dead. However, in the mid-1990s, an extremely rare mass burial pit containing approximately 150 dead bodies was discovered. The pit was located on the edge of the Kerameikos cemetery of Athens and consisted of a single oval pit of an irregular shape, 65 meters (213 feet) long and 16 m (53 ft) deep. The bodies of the dead were laid in a disorderly fashion, with at least five successive layers separated by thin intervening deposits of soil. Most bodies were placed in outstretched positions, but many were placed with their feet pointing into the center of the pit. The lowest level of interments showed the most care in placing the bodies; subsequent layers exhibited increasing carelessness. The upper-most layers were simply heaps of the deceased buried one on top of another, no doubt evidence of a spike in deaths or a growing fear of interaction with the dead. Eight urn burials of infants were found. Grave goods were limited to the lower levels and consisted of about 30 small vases. Stylistic forms of the Attic period vases indicate they were mostly made around 430 BC. Because of the date, and the hasty nature of the mass burial, the pit has been interpreted as from the Plague of Athens. Modern Science and the Plague In 2006, Papagrigorakis and colleagues reported on the molecular DNA study of teeth from several individuals interred in the Kerameikos mass burial. They ran tests for the presence of eight possible bacilli, including anthrax, tuberculosis, cowpox and bubonic plague. The teeth came back positive only for Salmonella enterica servovar Typhi, enteric typhoid fever. Many of the clinical symptoms of the Plague of Athens as described by Thucydides are consistent with modern day typhus: fever, rash, diarrhea. But other features are not, such as the rapidity of the onset. Papagrigorakis and colleagues suggest that perhaps the disease has evolved since the 5th century BC, or perhaps Thucydides, writing 20 years later, got some things wrong, and it may be that typhoid was not the only disease involved in the Plague of Athens. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Ancient Medicine, and the  Dictionary of Archaeology. Devaux CA. 2013.  Small oversights that led to the Great Plague of Marseille (1720–1723): Lessons from the past.  Infection, Genetics and Evolution 14(0):169-185.  doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.11.016 Drancourt M, and Raoult D. 2002.  Molecular insights into the history of plague.  Microbes and Infection  4(1):105-109.  doi: 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01515-5 Littman RJ. 2009.  The Plague of Athens: Epidemiology and Paleopathology.  Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine  76(5):456-467.  doi: 10.1002/msj.20137 Papagrigorakis MJ, Yapijakis C, Synodinos PN, and Baziotopoulou-Valavani E. 2006.  DNA examination of ancient dental pulp incriminates typhoid fever as a probable cause of the Plague of Athens.  International Journal of Infectious Diseases  10(3):206-214.  doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.09.001 Thucydides. 1903 [431 BC].  Second Year of the War, Plague of Athens, Position and Policy of Pericles, Fall of Potidaea.  History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 2, Chapter 9: J. M. Dent/University of Adelaide. Zietz BP, and Dunkelberg H. 2004.  The history of the plague and the research on the causative agent Yersinia pestis.  International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health  207(2):165-178.  doi: 10.1078/1438-4639-00259

AFA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AFA - Essay Example Hegel asserted that African did not have the capacity or the spirit to steer development. However, the transformation that Africa has gone through is proof of the true of African spirit that chose to rule itself after European. The statements of Hegel were appreciated a century later by Hugh Trevor-Roper. Trevor-Roper’s compilation, The Rise of Christian Europe, likened the history of Africa to darkness, and the present Africa has undeniable traces of Europe history. The purpose of this essay is to debunk the mythical and stereotyped assertions made by Hegel and Trevor-Roper. The present Africa has made remarkable history by holding on to social, political and economic practices that trace back to the pre-colonial era. The transformation social-cultural institutions have gone through cannot escape notice. Hegel and Trevor-Roper ignore the rich traditional culture that existed before the scramble for Africa. The family unit recognized unequal role between men and women in the family unit. Men were considered as protectors and breadwinners in the family while women tended to children and farms. The superior role of men was appreciated in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria South Africa where the societies were patriarch in nature (Archive.unu.edu).The family units did not undergo many transformations despite the coming of European and Asians from as early as 1800s. The West Africa nations retained the male supremacy and any attitude or practice that favored the role of the men in the society. However, post-colonial periods features family units where both and women have equal roles. The adoption of European religion has played a crucial role in setting modern trends within the African family units. There are communities that embrace male supremacy but are gradually orienting to the new wo rld order on equality. Indigenous African education system featured practices and customs that were taught by the older

A history of the US civil rights movement Essay

A history of the US civil rights movement - Essay Example still contended with discriminatory tendencies, disenfranchisement, segregation and different kinds of oppression such as violence that is racially propelled. Moreover, laws at the state and local levels such as the Jim Crow laws, effectively prohibited African Americans from theatres, train cars, juries, legislatures, bathrooms and classrooms (Jackson, 15). However, in 1954, the Supreme Court abolished the â€Å"separate but equal doctrine† that was the force behind a state condoned segregation and discrimination. This act of the U.S. Supreme Court attracted considerable attention to the suffering of black Americans in the United States and set a platform for a civil rights movement (1954 - 1968) aimed at bringing change to the land of the free peoples. The activists utilized various tactics in marching towards their objectives. Some of these included direct action, boycotts, civil disobedience, civil resistance, voter registration, community education and other nonviolent avenues. The results of the civil rights movement eventually included the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the 1968 Fair Housing Act. These acts resulted in crisis circumstances that often prompted useful dialogue between the government and the civil rights activists. The government (whether local, state or federal), communities and busine sses were manipulated into urgent reactions to the various circumstances that demonstrated injustice faced by the black Americans (Levy, 312). The African-American civil rights movement has a special place in the United States’ history. Because of the movements, there was realized a clear definition of the conceptions that prevailed regarding the nature of civil rights, the role of the government and importantly secured for the black Americans their citizenship rights (Jackson, 12). An important consequence of the movement was the amendment of the constitution that saw to the abolition of slavery in all its forms, and the legislation

School Choice Initiative Essay Example for Free

School Choice Initiative Essay Perceivably, the verbal communication in the school selection initiative is considerably astounding as that of any glitch any fairy tale might have played to offer the brood to their remorseful providence. Many critics have deliberately emphasized that the real intent of Proposition 174 revolves around the connotation that â€Å"All parents are hereby empowered to choose any school, public or private, for the education of their children . . . – concisely, that is not exactly how many tend to see the light of the thought. Although it may seemingly utter as that which is piously beneficial and helpful to the contemporary masses’ parents of a child in an inner-city institution, it is like giving the students a somewhat subliminal way of saying a that all shall get the passes towards the prestigious institutions as that where most popular icons earned their degree in college. In such case, the choice will not be dependent on the learner (child) not the parents. Private schools shall be given the prowess to decide upon who shall be admitted or not hence ‘public school’ children shall then be given the same chance (Nevins, 2001). †¢ It would bring up a tight and healthy competition thus commencing a challenge to public school system towards the aim for academic excellence. †¢ The state shall save 2% transfer rate from public schools since that education in private schools are cost-effective hence allotting more on the appropriation for several improvements such as parks, school libraries and other sort of the like. †¢ It shall offer families a genuine alternative to â€Å"all† levels of the society, the vouchers will give all the chance to get a glimpse of â€Å"standard† education. †¢ The school will get to choose those who are to be admitted in the school, with this, the students shall be challenged to earn good grades in high school to earn the reward. †¢ It will give rise to quality education not only for a limited few, but for all. References: Nevins, J. (2001). Searching for security: Boundary and immigration enforcement in an age of intensifying globalization [Electronic Version], 28, 132. Retrieved September 4, 2007.